keel sailboats

Keelboat Sailing 101: A Beginner’s Guide to Navigating the Seas with Stability

• May 20, 2023

Ahoy, aspiring sailors! If you’re ready to embark on a thrilling adventure on the open waters, keelboat sailing is the perfect choice for you. In this beginner’s guide, we’ll delve into the world of keelboat sailing, uncovering the wonders of this stable and versatile vessel. Join us as we set sail and discover the exhilaration of keelboat sailing!

Table of Contents

Understanding keelboats.

Keelboats are sailing vessels renowned for their stability and maneuverability. Unlike dinghies or catamarans, keelboats feature a weighted keel beneath the hull, providing balance and resistance against heeling. Familiarize yourself with the anatomy of a keelboat, including the hull, rigging, and keel types, to gain a deeper understanding of this remarkable vessel.

Essential Equipment for Keelboat Sailing

Before embarking on your keelboat sailing adventure, ensure you have the necessary equipment on board. These may include life jackets, marine VHF radio, navigation tools like charts and compasses, and safety gear such as flares and first aid kits. Additionally, pack appropriate clothing, sun protection, and essential sailing gear. Safety should always be your top priority, so familiarize yourself with safety procedures and guidelines.

Basic Keelboat Sailing Techniques

Keelboats offer excellent stability, making them ideal for beginners. Start by learning fundamental sailing techniques such as hoisting and trimming sails, steering, and tacking. Understand the role of the keel in maintaining stability and how to adjust it as needed. As you gain confidence, you can progress to more advanced techniques like gybing, sail trim, and optimizing boat speed.

Navigating with Keelboats: Wind, Tides, and Currents

Understanding the interaction between wind, tides, and currents is essential for successful keelboat sailing. Learn to read wind patterns, anticipate changes, and adjust your sails accordingly. Familiarize yourself with tidal charts and how currents can influence your course. Mastering navigation skills will enable you to plan your journeys effectively and make the most of your keelboat sailing experience.

Keelboat Maintenance and Care

To ensure the longevity and performance of your keelboat, regular maintenance is vital. Learn how to inspect the rigging, check for wear and tear, and perform routine maintenance tasks. Keep the hull clean and protected, and pay attention to the keel and its components. Storing the keelboat properly during offseasons or when not in use is also crucial. By taking care of your keelboat, you’ll enhance safety and enjoyment on the water.

Joining Keelboat Sailing Communities

Connecting with fellow keelboat enthusiasts is a fantastic way to learn, share experiences, and expand your skills. Join local sailing clubs or online communities dedicated to keelboat sailing. Engage in races, regattas, or organized cruising events to challenge yourself and grow as a sailor. The knowledge and camaraderie gained from these communities will enhance your keelboat sailing journey.

Congratulations! You are now equipped with the essential knowledge to begin your journey towards a keelboat sailing adventure. From understanding the dynamics of keelboats to mastering basic sailing techniques, and from navigating with confidence to maintaining your vessel, this beginner’s guide has set you on a course for exciting experiences on the water.

So, hoist your sails, trim them for optimal performance, and set forth on your keelboat sailing voyage. Discover the joy of sailing with stability and embrace the endless possibilities that keelboat sailing has to offer!

Related Posts

Understanding the Parts of a Sailboat: A Comprehensive Guide to Sailboat Anatomy in 2023

• June 10, 2023

Exploring the Different Types of Sailboats and Their Versatile Uses

Yacht Sailing 101: A Beginner’s Guide to Embarking on Luxurious Adventures

• Mastering the Depths: The Sailboat Keel Guide

The keel of a sailboat is more than just an architectural feature; it's the foundational element that ensures stability, performance, and the directional integrity of the vessel. Acting as the backbone of the boat, it runs longitudinally along the bottom, playing a crucial role in preventing the boat from being blown sideways by the wind. But the keel is not just about stability; it's intricately linked to how a sailboat interacts with the water and wind, affecting everything from speed to maneuverability. Diving deeper into the specifics, the variety in keel designs is vast, each tailored to suit different sailing needs and environments. From the slender and deep fin keel, known for its speed and agility, to the bulb keel with its characteristic bulb at the bottom for enhanced stability, the design choices are many. There's also the wing keel, designed for shallow waters, reducing the draft without losing stability, and the full keel, which is excellent for long-distance cruising due to its exceptional directional stability. Not to forget the twin keel, which allows a sailboat to stand upright on low tides and offers remarkable stability in heavy weather conditions.

The Balancing Act: Keel Types and Sailboat Performance

The keel's influence on a sailboat's performance cannot be overstated. It's a balancing act, quite literally, where the keel's design directly impacts the boat's stability, speed, and maneuverability. The choice between a deep keel and a shallow keel, for instance, is a decision that touches upon the very nature of one's sailing. Deep keels excel in open waters, offering unmatched upwind performance, while shallow keels are better suited for navigating coastal areas and shallower bodies of water.

But how does one choose the right keel? It's a combination of understanding the specific sailing environment, the performance expectations, and personal sailing style. Whether it’s for competitive racing or leisurely cruising, the keel must align with the sailor's aspirations and the challenges of the waters they intend to navigate.

Navigating Choices: Selecting the Right Keel and Ensuring Its Care

Selecting the right keel for your sailboat involves a detailed analysis of various factors, including the type of sailing you're interested in and the conditions you expect to face. Each keel type brings its own set of advantages and challenges. The maintenance and care for sailboat keels are equally important. Regular checks, cleaning, and upkeep are essential practices that extend the longevity and preserve the performance of the keel, preventing long-term issues that could hamper your sailing experience.

Read our top notch articles on topics such as sailing, sailing tips and destinations in our Magazine .

Check out our latest sailing content:

The Voyage of Evolution: From Simple Structures to Sophisticated Designs

The history of sailboat keels is a fascinating journey of evolution, showcasing human ingenuity and the relentless pursuit of better, more efficient designs. This evolution is not just about improving performance but also about adapting to the changing environmental conditions and the growing demands of the sailing community. Innovations in sailboat keel designs continue to emerge, driven by a desire to enhance efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and push the boundaries of what's possible on the water.

Charting the Future: Innovations and Trends in Sailboat Keel Design

The future of sailboat keel design is as promising as it is exciting, with new advancements focusing on optimizing performance, eco-friendliness, and adaptability to diverse sailing conditions. These innovations are not just about pushing the limits of speed and agility but also about ensuring that sailing remains a sustainable and accessible sport for generations to come.

The keel is a testament to the intricate dance between form and function, a crucial component that defines a sailboat's relationship with the sea. Understanding the various types of keels, their functions, and how they impact sailboat performance is essential for every sailor. As we look to the horizon, the continuous innovation in keel design promises a future where sailing is not only about embracing the wind and waves but doing so with an eye towards efficiency, sustainability, and harmony with the marine environment.

So what are you waiting for? Take a look at our range of charter boats and head to some of our favourite  sailing destinations.

I am ready to help you with booking a boat for your dream vacation. Contact me.

Denisa Nguyenová

• Find A School
• Certifications
• North U Sail Trim
• Inside Sailing with Peter Isler
• Docking Made Easy
• Study Quizzes
• Bite-sized Lessons
• Fun Quizzes
• Sailing Challenge

What is a keelboat?

By: Zeke Quezada, ASA Learn To Sail , Sailboats

There is a pretty good chance that the sailboat you have in your mind is a keelboat. Your imagination most likely recalls a schooner, and that most likely is a keelboat.

So, What is a Keelboat? 

A keelboat has a keel, a fixed appendage on the bottom of the hull that provides the sideways resistance needed to counter the force of the wind on the sails. The keel also carries ballast, usually iron or lead, the weight of which counteracts the force of the wind that causes a sailboat to heel, or lean over. On a modern boat, the keel is shaped in the form of an airfoil wing to generate lift, which helps it sail closer to the wind.

It is important to understand that not all sailboats are keelboats. In a typical marina it may appear as if all boats are generally alike but there are differences.

What is a Sailing Dinghy

Sailing dinghies are in abundance especially during the summer months when sailing schools have large groups of young sailors on the water.  A dinghy is a small sailboat, usually under 20 feet long and open for most of its length. A dinghy has neither a keel nor ballast. To resist sideways movement it has a centerboard or a daggerboard that can be lowered or raised as needed. A centerboard pivots up and down within its trunk; a daggerboard slides up and down vertically. To resist heeling, sailing dinghies use live ballast — the crew sitting out on the edge of the boat.

What is a Multihull

Multihulls are boats with more than one hull, and have their origins in the craft used by indigenous Pacific Islanders. Their distant descendants, modern catamarans (two hulls) and trimarans (three hulls), can be very fast or very roomy, depending on whether they have been designed for speed or comfort.

The Difference Between a Monohull and a Multihull?

In case you are wondering what the inside looks like. You can see what a modern keelboat might look like compared to a multihull catamaran.

Related Posts:

• Learn To Sail
• Mobile Apps
• Online Courses
• Upcoming Courses
• Sailor Resources
• ASA Log Book
• Bite Sized Lessons
• Knots Made Easy
• Catamaran Challenge
• Sailing Vacations
• Sailing Cruises
• Charter Resources
• International Proficiency Certificate
• Find A Charter
• All Articles
• Sailing Tips
• Sailing Terms
• Destinations
• Environmental
• Initiatives
• Instructor Resources
• Become An Instructor
• Become An ASA School
• Member / Instructor Login
• Affiliate Login

Sailboat Keel Types: A Comprehensive Guide

by Emma Sullivan | Jul 25, 2023 | Sailboat Maintenance

Short Answer: Sailboat Keel Types

There are several types of sailboat keels, including full keel, fin keel, wing keel, bulb keel, and daggerboard. Each type provides different characteristics in terms of stability, maneuverability, and performance. Sailors choose the keel type based on their sailing preferences and intended usage of the boat.

Understanding Sailboat Keel Types: A Comprehensive Guide

As any avid sailor can testify, understanding the different sailboat keel types is paramount to a successful and pleasurable sailing experience. A sailboat’s keel acts as its foundation, providing stability, preventing sideways drift, and enhancing overall performance. With various keel options available in the market, it can be quite overwhelming for newcomers or even seasoned sailors to grasp the nuances of each type.

In this comprehensive guide, we aim to unravel the mystery surrounding sailboat keels. From traditional full keels to modern fin keels and everything in between, let’s embark on a journey through their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and their impact on sailing dynamics.

1. Full Keel:

Let’s start with the old-school favorite – the full keel. As its name suggests, this keel extends from bow to stern and offers exceptional stability due to its large surface area below the waterline. The long length also promotes tracking ability – keeping your boat moving in a straight line without much effort. Although typically found on older vessels or those designed for long-distance cruising rather than racing, full keels excel in handling heavy weather conditions and provide an overall smooth ride through choppy waters.

However, there is a trade-off when it comes to maneuverability. The deep draft can restrict access to shallower areas and make tacking (changing direction by turning into the wind) more demanding. Additionally, due to their shape and size, full keels may sacrifice some speed potential compared to their sleeker counterparts.

2. Fin Keel:

Enter modernity – the fin keel revolutionized sailing dynamics when it was introduced decades ago and remains one of today’s most popular choices among sailors seeking performance-oriented vessels. This relatively narrow (or “fin-like”) appendage protrudes deep below the hull and serves as both a counterbalance against sideways forces and a pivot point for agile maneuvers.

The fin keel’s streamlined design offers enhanced speed, better upwind capabilities, and improved responsiveness. Sailors planning to participate in racing events or seeking a thrill-seeking sailing experience often favor this type of keel. Moreover, the reduced draft allows for access to shallower waters – perfect for exploring coves or venturing closer to shore.

However, it’s essential to recognize that while fin keels excel in speed and maneuverability, stability can be compromised. A narrow base may result in more heel (tilting) when exposed to strong crosswinds, demanding careful attention from sailors. Furthermore, grounding risks are higher due to the shallower depth.

3. Winged Keel:

For those looking for a middle ground between full keels and fin keels, winged keels provide an intriguing compromise. Originating from the America’s Cup yacht races during the 1980s and 1990s, these unique designs feature additional horizontal wings near the bottom of the main keel shaft.

Their purpose? To improve stability by effectively increasing the lateral surface area without significantly increasing draft. This innovative approach enhances windward performance while maintaining maneuverability and reducing heeling.

4. Bulb Keel:

The bulb keel is another darling of modern sailboat design – especially prevalent among cruising boats aiming for optimal balance between cruising comfort and performance capabilities. These keels utilize a large torpedo-shaped bulb at their base, which concentrates weight lower down for increased stability while reducing overall drag.

Bulb keels offer excellent upwind performance, advanced tracking ability, and minimal lateral movement when navigating waves or choppy seas – all qualities keenly sought after by bluewater cruisers or liveaboard sailors longing for long voyages with maximum safety and comfort.

5. Swing Keel/Centreboard:

Now let’s discuss something adaptable – swing keels (also known as centerboards). This versatile option provides flexibility in both deep water sailing and shallow anchorage areas. Swing keels can be raised or lowered as needed, allowing sailors to decrease draft in shoal waters and subsequently improve maneuverability, while also providing deeper draw for enhanced upwind performance on open seas.

The ability to retract the keel provides opportunities for exploring hidden bays, rivers, or other areas inaccessible to boats with fixed keels. However, this convenience comes with a downside. The mechanism required for raising and lowering the keel may add weight to the boat and increase maintenance requirements.

To conclude, understanding sailboat keel types is crucial when choosing a vessel that aligns with your sailing goals and needs. Whether you prioritize stability, speed, maneuverability, or versatility depends on where and how you envision your nautical adventures unfolding. We hope this comprehensive guide has shed light on the various options available in their witty and clever explanations – setting you on a course towards well-informed decision making when it comes to sailboat keels.

Choosing the Right Sailboat Keel Type for Your Needs: Step-by-Step Process

Purchasing a sailboat is an exciting venture, but it can also be quite overwhelming when faced with the multitude of options available. One crucial decision to make is selecting the right keel type for your sailing needs. The keel plays a vital role in determining the stability, performance, and maneuverability of your sailboat. Hence, understanding the various keel types and their features will help you make an informed decision. In this blog post, we will take you through a step-by-step process to choose the ideal sailboat keel type tailored to your specific requirements.

Step 1: Assess Your Sailing Goals Before delving into technical details, it’s important to assess your sailing goals and preferences. Are you looking for a vessel suitable for racing or one geared towards leisurely family outings? Do you plan on venturing into shallow waters or embarking on long offshore trips? Determining your primary sailing objectives will provide essential insights that shape your keel choice.

Step 2: Understand Different Keel Types Next, let’s explore the common types of sailboat keels:

1. Fin Keel: Also called a modern fin keel with a bulb, this design offers excellent performance and stability even in strong winds. It reduces drag significantly due to its sleek profile while enabling better upwind pointing ability.

2. Full Keel: A traditional full keel provides exceptional directional stability but may compromise maneuverability. Ideal for offshore cruising, it offers reduced rolling motion and enhanced safety during heavy weather conditions.

3. Wing/Daggerboard Keel: This versatile configuration combines aspects of both fixed keels and centerboards/daggerboards by retracting partially or completely when needed. This allows maximum flexibility when navigating shallow waters or adjusting for varying wind conditions.

4. Bilge Keel: Employed mainly in smaller boats, bilge keels consist of two shorter keel sections placed on either side of the hull. This design enhances stability at rest and allows for grounding without damage.

Step 3: Assess Pros and Cons Now that you understand the different keel types, it’s time to evaluate their pros and cons based on your sailing objectives:

– Fin Keel: Pros: Excellent upwind performance, great stability, higher speed potential. Cons: Vulnerable in shallow waters, reduced directional stability when not under sail.

– Full Keel: Pros: Superior directional stability, excellent resistance to leeway (sideways movement), better roll dampening in heavy conditions. Cons: Lower maneuverability in tight spaces or strong winds, reduced speed potential.

– Wing/Daggerboard Keel: Pros: Versatile and adaptable to changing conditions, improved windward performance when centerboard is down. Cons: Higher maintenance requirements compared to fixed keels.

– Bilge Keel: Pros: Enhanced stability at rest, shallow draft capability for exploring shallower waterways. Cons: Reduced pointing ability and performance, may experience more leeway compared to other keels.

Step 4: Seek Expert Advice If you’re still unsure about which keel type aligns best with your needs after assessing the pros and cons, consider reaching out to a knowledgeable yacht broker or marine expert. Their expertise can assist you in making an informed decision based on factors such as boat size, intended usage area (inland lakes vs. open ocean), and personal preferences.

Step 5: Test Sailboats & Consider Trade-offs Once you have narrowed down your options based on previous steps’ evaluation criteria, take the opportunity to test-sail different boats embodying varying keel configurations. Experiencing firsthand how each sailboat handles will give you valuable insights into their capabilities and limitations. Consider trade-offs regarding aspects like speed versus maneuverability or comfort versus stability before making your final decision.

In conclusion, selecting the correct sailboat keel type requires careful consideration and an understanding of your sailing goals. By following this step-by-step process, you’ll be equipped with the knowledge needed to choose a sailboat that perfectly aligns with your needs. Remember, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer – it’s about finding the ideal balance between performance, stability, maneuverability, and suitability for your intended purpose.

Exploring Different Sailboat Keel Designs: A Closer Look at the Options

When it comes to sailing, the design of a sailboat’s keel plays a critical role in its performance and overall handling. A well-designed keel can greatly enhance a boat’s stability, maneuverability, and efficiency on the water. With various options available in the market, it’s important to understand the differences and benefits associated with each type of sailboat keel design.

One commonly found keel design is the full keel. As its name suggests, this type extends from the bow to the stern, providing extensive support and stability to the boat. Full keels are known for their ability to track straight in rough conditions and offer excellent resistance against sideways forces such as wind or waves. This makes them well-suited for long-distance cruising and offshore sailing adventures. Additionally, full keels often have a shallower draft which allows access to more shallow waters, making them versatile for exploring coastal areas.

On the other end of the spectrum is the fin keel design. Unlike full keels, fin keels are shorter and narrower, located primarily beneath the boat’s center of gravity. This leads to improved maneuverability and allows sailors to make tighter turns more easily. Fin keels also tend to have a deeper draft which provides better upwind performance by reducing side slippage while maintaining stability.

A variant of fin keels is bulbous or winged-keels. These designs feature weighted bulbs at their lower ends, enhancing stability while still allowing for efficient upwind sailing. The added weight at the bottom reduces heeling angles during strong winds while optimizing lift characteristics under sails.

For those seeking enhanced speed capabilities with reduced drag underwater, there are high-performance sailboats that incorporate daggerboard or centerboard designs. Daggerboards slide vertically through slots on either side of a boat’s hull when deployed during sailing operations but can be retracted when not needed. They offer tremendous flexibility due to adjustable positions based on wind conditions—providing sailors an opportunity to optimize lift and reduce drag accordingly. This keel design is often favored by competitive racers who prioritize speed and agility over stability.

Lastly, a popular modern innovation is the canting keel. This keel design consists of a fin that can swing out to either side of the boat via a mechanism controlled by hydraulics or other means. The ability to adjust the angle of the keel allows for advanced maneuvering and optimizing performance based on current conditions. Canting keels are commonly found in high-performance racing yachts where every degree counts in gaining a competitive edge.

When deciding on the most suitable sailboat keel design, it ultimately depends on your intended use, sailing goals, and personal preferences. Cruisers may lean towards full or bulbous keels for their stability and versatility, whereas racers seek the swift performance offered by fin or daggerboard designs.

Whichever sailboat keel design you choose, understanding its characteristics and how it aligns with your sailing objectives is vital. Consulting with experienced sailors or marine professionals can help you make an informed decision when selecting your dream sailboat—a vessel that will carry you gracefully through all your aquatic adventures.

Frequently Asked Questions about Sailboat Keel Types: Get Answers Here!

Welcome to our blog where we aim to satisfy your curiosity about sailboat keel types! Whether you’re a seasoned sailor or just getting started in the world of sailing, understanding the different keel designs is crucial for optimizing your boat’s performance on the water. In this article, we’ve compiled some frequently asked questions to provide you with comprehensive answers and shed light on this important aspect of sailboats. So let’s dive in!

1. What is a sailboat keel? A sailboat keel refers to the underwater structure attached at the bottom of the hull that provides stability and prevents excessive sideways drift. It essentially acts as a counterbalance against wind forces acting on the sails, allowing the boat to maintain an upright position.

2. How does a sailboat keel work? The primary function of a keel is to create lift in the water as it moves through it. This lift opposes and balances the lateral forces generated by wind pressure on sails, keeping the boat from being pushed sideways or capsizing. Additionally, by increasing drag and resistance, it also helps prevent excessive speed or slipping sideways when sailing upwind.

3. What are different types of sailboat keels? There are various sailboat keel designs tailored for specific purposes:

– Fin Keel: The fin keel is one of the most common types characterized by its long, narrow shape extending vertically downwards into the water beneath the boat. It offers excellent upwind performance while minimizing drag, making it ideal for racing or competitive sailing.

– Wing Keel: A wing keel features two smaller fins (wings) positioned near its base instead of one central fin like traditional fin keels. This design aims to improve stability while reducing draft depth, enabling boats to navigate shallower waters without sacrificing performance.

– Bulb Keel: Bulb keels have an additional weighted bulb located at their lower end designed to enhance stability and reduce drag even further. These keels are often found on performance cruisers or racing yachts, offering enhanced righting moments and improved overall sailing performance.

– Full Keel: On the other end of the spectrum, full keels extend along the entire length of the boat’s bottom. They provide excellent stability but tend to sacrifice maneuverability and speed in favor of increased seaworthiness, making them well-suited for long-range cruising or bluewater sailing.

4. Which sailboat keel type is best for me? The ideal keel type depends on your specific sailing needs and preferences. If you’re primarily focused on racing or want a higher level of maneuverability, a fin keel with a bulb might be more suitable. However, if you prioritize stability and plan to embark on extended journeys or offshore passages, a full keel could be an excellent choice.

5. Can I modify my sailboat’s keel? Modifying a sailboat’s keel is generally not recommended as it can significantly alter the vessel’s balance and stability characteristics. Unless you have extensive knowledge and expertise in naval architecture, it’s best to consult with professionals before considering any modifications.

We hope this FAQ section has answered some burning questions about sailboat keels! Choosing the right type for your vessel will greatly impact your sailing experience, so take the time to research and understand each design’s advantages and limitations. Whether you’re aiming for speed, stability, or versatility – happy sailing!

Benefits and Drawbacks of Various Sailboat Keel Types: What to Consider

When it comes to choosing the perfect sailboat for your seafaring adventures, one important factor that often gets overlooked is the type of keel. A sailboat’s keel plays a crucial role in stability and maneuverability, making it essential to carefully consider the benefits and drawbacks of various keel types before making a decision. In this blog post, we will explore these different types and help you understand what factors should be considered.

1. Fin Keel: Fin keels are among the most common types found on modern sailboats. They feature a deep, narrow profile that extends vertically from the hull’s bottom. One significant benefit of fin keels is their excellent upwind performance due to their low drag and efficient water flow around them. This allows for better pointing ability and higher speeds when sailing close to the wind. However, fin keels also have some drawbacks worth considering. Due to their depth, they may limit access to shallower waters and make grounding more hazardous. Additionally, their narrow profile can result in reduced stability compared to other keel types in rough conditions or during sudden gusts of wind.

2. Wing Keel: Wing keels are designed similarly to fin keels but have two small wings extending horizontally from either side of the main fin. These wings increase the overall surface area of the keel, providing additional lift and improved stability compared to fin keels. One significant benefit of wing keels is their ability to handle shallow waters more effectively than other types without compromising performance significantly. The extra surface area also helps minimize leeway or sideways drift when sailing downwind. Despite these advantages, wing keels may present some trade-offs. The enlarged wings can induce additional drag, slightly reducing speed potential in certain conditions such as upwind sailing or going against a strong current.

3. Centerboard or Swing Keel: Centerboards or swing keels offer versatility by providing both draft adjustability and easy access to shallow waters. These keels are retractable, allowing them to be raised when navigating in shallow areas and lowered for enhanced stability in deeper waters. The main benefit of a centerboard keel is the ability to explore more secluded areas that may be inaccessible with fixed keels. They also offer better windward performance than wing or fin keels when fully deployed. However, the design limitations of centerboards can result in reduced overall lateral stability compared to fixed keels. Additionally, the mechanism used for raising and lowering the centerboard can be prone to maintenance issues or potential failure if not properly maintained.

4. Full Keel: Full keels, also known as long keels, are characterized by their extended length from bow to stern. This type provides optimal directional stability and contributes greatly to reducing leeway and weather helm even in challenging conditions. One of the primary benefits of full keels is their seaworthiness and ability to maintain course easily while cruising offshore. They tend to track well and inspire confidence in rough seas. Nevertheless, full keels have some drawbacks that should be considered. Due to their larger surface area, they generate more drag than other types of keels. This additional resistance can slightly reduce speed potential, especially in light winds or when sailing against strong currents.

In conclusion, choosing the right sailboat keel type is a critical decision that requires careful consideration based on your desired sailing conditions and preferences. Each type comes with its own set of benefits and drawbacks that need evaluation depending on factors such as intended use, cruising grounds, draft requirements, and personal skill level. By understanding these nuances and making an informed choice, you can ensure an enjoyable and safe sailing experience on whichever sailboat you ultimately decide upon.

Beginners’ Guide to Sailboat Keel Types: Everything You Need to Know

Welcome aboard to our Beginners’ Guide to Sailboat Keel Types: Everything You Need to Know! Whether you’re a novice sailor or an experienced mariner looking to brush up on your knowledge, understanding sailboat keel types is essential for enjoying a smooth sailing experience. So hoist the sails and let’s dive in!

Keels play a crucial role in stabilizing sailboats by counteracting the force of wind pushing against the sails. The right keel type ensures optimal stability, maneuverability, and overall performance under various conditions. Let’s explore some of the most common sailboat keel types you’ll encounter on your seafaring adventures:

1. Full Keel: Picture yourself cruising on a classic yacht from a bygone era – chances are it has a full keel. This traditional design encompasses a long, deep fin that extends from bow to stern, providing excellent directional stability. Full keels are ideal for longer voyages as their heavy displacement reduces rolling motion, making them resilient in rough seas.

2. Fin Keel: On the flip side of the spectrum lies the fin keel – sleek, modern, and agile. Fin keels feature a shorter but more slender profile compared to full keels, extending from just below the hull near the bow and terminating towards the stern. Their reduced surface area allows for increased speed through water while facilitating easy maneuvering and quick responsiveness.

3. Wing Keel: Imagine having wings underwater – that’s precisely what you’ll find with wing keels! These innovative designs incorporate additional extensions (wings) on either side of the main fin, increasing lateral resistance as well as stability. Wing keels offer superb shallow-water cruising capabilities, allowing sailors to explore coastal areas with ease.

4. Bulb Keel: Don’t be fooled by their name; bulb keels are anything but dull! Often seen on high-performance racing yachts or larger cruisers aiming for speed, this keel type features a lead bulb at the tip of a narrow fin. The added weight significantly lowers the boat’s center of gravity, enhancing stability and reducing heeling (sideways tilting) when harnessing strong winds.

5. Bilge Keel: If you’re looking for versatility, bilge keels are your go-to option! As the name suggests, these twin keels are positioned symmetrically on each side of the sailboat’s hull. Bilge keels provide great stability both underway and at rest while also enabling easy beaching or grounding in tidal areas. Their unique design allows for exploring shallow waters without compromising maneuverability.

As with any sailing endeavor, it’s important to remember that each sailboat keel type comes with its own set of trade-offs. Factors such as sailing conditions, intended use (racing vs. cruising), and personal preference will ultimately guide your choice.

So there you have it – a comprehensive overview of sailboat keel types to set your seafaring journey on the right course! Whether you opt for the classic elegance of a full keel or the nimble agility of a fin keel, understanding these different types empowers you to choose wisely based on your specific needs and aspirations as a sailor.

Now, all that’s left is to chart your course and let the wind fill your sails as you embark on countless exciting adventures across vast oceans or tranquil lakes. Happy sailing!

Recent Posts

• Sailboat Gear and Equipment
• Sailboat Lifestyle
• Sailboat Maintenance
• Sailboat Racing
• Sailboat Tips and Tricks
• Sailboat Types
• Sailing Adventures
• Sailing Destinations
• Sailing Safety
• Sailing Techniques

What does the keel do on a sailboat and how it works

• Top Questions

The water and wind act as opposing elements. The wind pushes you forward at the same time as the water resists it.

From this principal thousand of years ago, were believed that the keel was invented in the early days of sailing. and in the modern days, we start to understand what the keel does and how it works.

What the keel do simply:

provides an opposite force from the bottom of the sailboat to the force of the wind from the top to keep the sailboat balanced and not being blown sideways by the wind and it holds the ballast that keeps the boat right-side-up and prevents it from lean too much or tips over completely.

It came in different sizes and shapes from boat to boat depending on the purpose that will fulfill. without further ado let’s start from the beginning.

What is a keel?

The keel is a flat blade that comes down from the bottom-most part of a vessel in the center of the hull and it’s the longitudinal structural element on a vessel. It can vary in size and shape depending on the building process and the purpose that will serve.

The laying down of the keel is the initial step in the construction of a vessel for most shipbuilders around the world. Many refer to it as the backbone which you take literally.

All sailboats have a keel, centerboard, or daggerboard. In general speaking, on larger boats, the keel is longer, a blade-like structure extending from the hull bottom, frequently straight to the boat’s deck.

The keel is built of whatever the boat is built of—usually fiberglass, aluminum, wood, or steel—and the ballast is lead and is either bolted to the bottom of the keel or placed inside it.

Some keels can retract into the boat itself or even be removed entirely. Other keels flip upwards, You generally won’t find these on larger ships. While some can’t be budged in any direction whatsoever.

And while most keels serve the same purposes, some of them are better than others in some aspects. like speed, maneuver, and steering. but first, before we dive in, let’s see what the keel do

How does the keel works

The main purpose of a sailboat keel is to counteract sideways forces from wind and waves and keep the sailboat right-side-up in the water.

The sailboat keel also holds the boat’s ballast and prevents capsizing. Obviously, both very critical and substantial roles. In addition, the sailboat keel provides counterbalance and lift which help the boat perform better.

There is another job that a sailboat’s keel has, to control drifting. When you’re out in the water without any landmark to be seen, it’s very important that you are in the correct direction.

The keel comes into its own when the sailboat is sailing. There are many forces at work, including the structure of the vessels, sails, and the keel. The water and wind act as opposing elements.

The wind pushes you forward at the same time as the water resists it. The keel is making sure you’re not swinging and going sideways. The flat surface and its perpendicular position to the deck make it achievable.

When the wind pushes the sail in one direction, the keel goes the opposite way. The forces are matched even though the keel is smaller.

The density of the water makes up the difference. This element also supports tacking.

That is the maneuver that sailors must use if they are trying to go upwind. Instead of going in a straight path with the wind behind the boat, they zigzagged.

This action allows them to utilize the wind and water energy to create forward thrust. The reason they go back and forth is that they must drag the two forces together to keep moving.

What are the types of keels?

Keels can be fixed or moveable and may retract or be removed entirely. The two most common keels on sailboats are the full keel and the fin keel. But there are many others.

Trying to list every different type of keel available on the market is quite an undertaking. But I will cover a few of the more common types:

It is a narrow plate (of wood, metal, fiberglass, or other material) fixed to the mid-bottom of the boats projecting downward to provide lateral resistance, It”s intended both to steady the boat and to make it handy to steer and providing very little water resistance.

A fin keel is sleeker, smaller, and most importantly If you want to go fast, you’re going to want a boat with a fin keel. Most racing sailboats have fin keels. but the fin keel offers a lesser amount of stability which is something to stay aware of.

A full keel runs the length of at least 50% of the hull, ( but most of them more than 50%). The front edge curves vertically while the aft edge often connects to a rudder. it is usually fitted on blue-water sailboats.

It has much more stability compared to the smaller keels, but this makes it slower and a bit harder to maneuver in tight spaces.

The main advantages of a full keel are safe grounding and directional stability. Safe grounding means safer when you lie on hard ground. And provides a robust, stable balancing point for the hull.

And will not tip on its bow or stern when you ground. The boat will lay on the side and take less damage. the full keel provides a line of balance. Be it intentional or not, a full keel has more stability.

A boat with a full keel points well when in the water. It has good directional stability. The full keel has a longer waterline length so it controls the flowing water more than the shorter keels.

And this gives the boat greater directional stability. The full keel is one of the most common types of keels that you are likely to see on most sailboats.

Centerboard

The centerboard keel has a base keel with a dagger that rotates downward. the dagger comes through the base outwards and offers the stability and balance of a fin keel. known as a centerboard case.

The retractability allows the centerboard to be raised to operate in shallow waters. And When the water is deep, you take the dagger down and sail with a fin keel.

With the centerboard the difficulty is maintenance. As with any moving parts, problems arise. The centerboard has to be well maintained all the time.

Dagger Keel – Daggerboard

Dagger keels are a retractable centerboard used by various sailing craft. These keels are retractable and stored in their own compartment when not needed.

While other types of centerboard may pivot to retract, a dagger keel slides in a casing inserted through the center of a vessel’s hull, usually amidships. This means you can brave the shallows with ease.

Not to be confused with a daggerboard, which is entirely removable and generally found on one man vessels like catamarans. While Dagger keels are usually found in small sailing craft.

A Bilge keel is one of a pair of longitudinal plates that like fins. (one for each side of the boat). on big ships may have more than one bilge keel per side, but this is rare. projected from the sides of a ship or boat and run parallel to the center keel.

Bilge keels minimize the draft of the vessel compared to a single fin keel thus enabling it to negotiate shallower water. and provide additional stability and keep the vessel from rolling in rough waters.

They also give a boost in speed if the boat is moving windward. Bilge keels increase hydrodynamic resistance to rolling, making the vessels roll less. Bilge keels are passive stability systems.

Bilge keels are usually fitted to commercial ships and cargo ships, and some smaller boats and sailing yachts.

A “Bulb keel” is a fin keel that contains a ballast-filled bulb at the bottom, usually teardrop-shaped or torpedo.

This keel works the same as a fin keel does. but The purpose of the bulb keel is to place the ballast as low as possible, therefore gaining the maximum possible amount of leverage and thus the most righting moment. You’d typically find them on racing sailing boats.

The wing keel is a regular fin keel with small wings projecting to the sides at the bottom tip of the keel. it is another kind you’ll see on high-performance vessels.

It resembles the tail of an airplane, These little wings serve two purposes: They provide more leading-edge length and they create less drag from tip vortices.

Tip vortices directly relate to drag, and reducing these will reduce drag. Reducing drag will directly result in an increase in speed and higher performance.

The wing is another shoal alternative to the deep fin. which gives you the privilege of higher performance on deepwater and shallows.

While a wing keel may sound like the perfect solution to a sailor who is searching for a high-performance vessel with a shallow draft, the wing keel has a serious drawback.

It is the most difficult to free if you are grounded in the mud or between rocks. The wings act like shovels and wedge themself into the ground. and freeing out a wing keel can be very difficult.

Canting keel

The canting keel mounts on a hinge, suspended from a rigid canting strut beneath the boat, which can be swung to the windward of the boat under sailing. when the boat heels, racers hydraulically rotate the keel to windward. Rotating the keel away from your healing direction generates a force that both rights the boat and propels her forward. the canting keel handling the ballast functions, lateral resistance, and the steering can be managed separately using such as daggerboards.

The main purpose of the canting keel is to allow the boat to sail closer to a level that generates maximum balance and speed. this keel best suited for racing sailboats. It is the future for racing but not perfected yet.

The downside is the maintenance and complexity associated with the canting keel, hydraulics, and other moving parts. but one day it will become the norm in the future of boat racing.

The first patent for a canting keel device was granted by Douglas Beardy on May 8, 1900.

The skeg is an aftward extension of the keel intended to keep the boat moving straight and to protect the propeller ( inbound or outbound engine ) and rudder from anything beneath the surface of the water that could cause damage to them.

A powerboat often has a skeg only on the hull which serves the same purpose.

The idea is that it will protect the prop from any floating objects in the water before it can get to it. and If it gets damaged, the vessel will have a tangible wobble when underway.

Sailing is a challenge and fun . Sailors constantly adjust sails, boat position, and onboard weight to find the perfect balance between winds, tides, currents, and boat characteristics and use these components to get the highest performance of the boat in the safest-efficient possible manner.

The keel is a fantastic piece of the sailing mechanism that many people don’t give a second thought. It needs care and maintenance from time to time.

Because most new sailors think the keel’s there just for ballast, and without the sailboat keel the Modern sailing would never have progressed to the point that it has.

you can read this article ( When was sailing invented? ) .

But now you know better. and If anyone asks you, what is a keel on a boat, you can say it is its backbone. It’s really a wing, flying under your boat .

My Cruiser Life Magazine

Wing Keel Sailboats Explained – History, Purpose, Advantages & Disadvantages

Sailboat keels are more complex than many people give them credit for. Most people intuitively realize that the weight of the heavy keel keeps the sailboat upright and counters the force of the wind against the sails. But the keel does a lot more than that. For example, did you know that it is an airfoil that creates lift, just like the wing of an airplane? 

Besides keeping the boat upright, a sailboat’s keel counters leeway—the drifting downwind a boat makes while being pushed by the wind. So the sails and the keel must work together to pull a boat windward. 

Not surprisingly, as designers have embraced lessons learned on the water and in the air, keel design has grown into quite the science over the years. There are now dozens of different keel designs, and walking around a big boatyard can provide views of all sorts of interesting things attached to the bottom of boats.

Table of Contents

What is a sailboat keel and how does it work, full keel cruising boats, wing keel boat vs regular fin keel, when was the wing keel first used, what is the purpose of wing keels, disadvantages of winged keels, other types of keels, deep thoughts about sailboat design.

The keel of a sailboat is the underwater profile of the boat that gives it its ability to sail. 

A boat sailing downwind is pushed along like a leaf on the surface of the water. But modern sailboats are designed to sail into the wind as well, and to do that, they must embrace some basics of aero- and hydrodynamics. 

The sails of a boat sailing upwind work like an airplane’s wings. Their curved shape acts as an airfoil. Air is accelerated over the outer edges, which makes lift thanks to Bernoulli’s Principle.

But there are two problems. Firstly, the boat will heel over as the wind pushes on the sails. Without a significant amount of ballast to counter the force on the sails, the boat will capsize. So the most basic job of the sailboat’s keel is to provide a heavyweight as low in the boat as possible to keep it upright in all conditions.

Of course, the weight could be added without a keel. Early schooners were loaded with stones for ballast. These vessels were very deep but more or less flat-bottomed. They couldn’t sail to windward very well because the entire vessel drifted downwind as the wind pushed on the sails. This drift is known as leeway. 

To counter leeway, a keel employs yet another airfoil shape to make lift. This one is underwater, and then the lift it makes is created by the water passing over it as the boat sails along. This lift helps pull the boat to windward and reduces leeway. The more lifting force the keel can make, the better the boat can sail into the wind.

No sailboat can sail directly into the wind. If the boat is close to the wind, it is said to be “in irons.” That means that the air is not flowing smoothly over the sails. The better a boat is at sailing upwind, the closer to the wind it can get. Like those used on racing boats, high aspect ratio fin keels can sail 30 degrees or less to the wind. Most cruising boats must be 45 degrees or more off the wind before they can effectively sail.

History of Sailboat Keel Design

Traditional offshore sailboats began with full deep keel designs. Shallow draft near-shore workboats often feature flat-bottomed variations that use centerboards, leeboards, or other means to fight leeway and work upwind. 

The first progression toward modern keels was the encapsulated deep fin keel. This was a natural progression as designers began working out ways to shrink a full keel down. 

Racing boats began tinkering with high aspect ratio fins. Eventually, this technology filtered down to the cruising boat world. These fins were generally cast directly from lead or iron and bolted to the hull. This construction results in some extra maintenance and care that must be taken. A bolted-on keel can be damaged in a grounding in ways that an encapsulated keel cannot. They were and are very robustly built, but they are nonetheless attached with bolts that can be bent.

With the wide adoption of bolt-on keels, designers could better tinker with their designs. Freed from the limits of what could be molded and encapsulated, the keel could take any shape at all. 

One disadvantage of the fin keel is its deep draft. A shorter shoal draft keel is one way to fix the problem, but it will require more ballast, and its performance will suffer. 

Bulb and wing keel designs came next. These are extra weights attached to the bottom of the keel to increase its effectiveness. Torpedo-shaped bulbs add weight low down, whereas wings provide an opposing lifting force to counter leeway. 

Many of the shapes of keels in the winged keel group are descendants of the bulb keel. In many cases, winged keel designs are often built into the cast bulb. 

Like many innovations in yachting and sailing, the winged keel was first used as an attempt to gain an advantage during a famous yacht race. 

In 1851, the schooner America was sailed to the UK to compete for the 100 Guinea Cup . The ornate and elaborate trophy spent the next 132 years defended successfully by America, to the extent that it became known as the America’s Cup. It is the oldest sporting trophy still contested in the entire world. 

With so many wins under their belt, America was sure to lose at least one eventually. And that’s precisely what happened in 1983 when the Australian challengers succeeded with their yacht Australia II. 

How did they do it? The same way that yacht designers have been innovating and creating before and since, of course. They look at the rule book and find ways to make a better boat within those rules. At the time, the 12-meter class rules were used for the race. The amount of sail area allowed was an inverse function to the boat’s length and weight. 

Designer Ben Lexcen used the rules to his advantage. By figuring out how to make a shorter yet more effective keel design, he could make the yacht lighter while still carrying more sail area. The boat had a great design all around, with effective sails and rig. The combined total effect was that Australia II beat the defenders by an average of one minute on every upwind leg.

The technology and idea trickled down into even run-of-the-mill sailboats. But those sailboats don’t use their wing keels to win races; they use them to carry shorter keels. A shallow draft is an important consideration for many sailboat owners. Perhaps their home ports have shallow entrances, or perhaps they just like exploring shallow waters. Whatever the reason, the difference between a 4’6″ draft sailboat and a 6’6″ keel is enormous. 

It’s not all good news for wings, though. There are some distinct downsides to having one of these hanging off the bottom of your boat. Two operational considerations should be weighed beside the initial cost of casting such a complex shape.

Firstly, what if you run aground? Winged keels are more or less flat on the bottom. Should you accidentally calibrate your depth sounder by grounding on a sandbar or mudflat, wing keels will be more challenging to get off than conventional fins. Not only does heeling the boat over have less effect on freeing you, but the shape of the keel itself can also create a suction in the mud.

Secondly, wing and bulb keels can get tangled in things. The most likely suspect that comes to mind is errant fishing gear, but the more likely problem will stem from your ground tackle. Boats can swing in every direction when wind opposes current, which can often cause a boat to back over its own chain. Doing so while spinning around can cause a line to foul on the wings. 

There are many other types of sailboats in the world. Some designers have gotten very creative in their efforts to reduce the draft of a sailboat, and some designs are born from one particular use or another for the boat.

A great example is the bilge keel or twin keel sailboat. These boats are popular in the UK, where enormous tidal ranges make it essential for boats to be able to be safely dried out when the tide goes out. The bilge keeler can sit on its two keels perfectly upright until the tide comes back again and then do it all over again in a few hours. Having this feature on your boat means that, at least in the UK, you’ll have many more choices of places where you can moor your boat, and many of those options will be much cheaper. 

Another example of a specialized design with a purpose is the retractable swing keel. What is a swing keel? It’s a heavy, ballasted keel that can retract into the hull. It looks similar to a centerboard keel, only weighted and attached to a larger sailing yacht.

When the boat is offshore and sailing, it has a very effective high aspect ratio airfoil, works great, and has a deep draft. The keel can be retracted entirely in shallow water or if the skipper wants to beach the boat. These boats can explorer areas that most sailboat skippers can only dream of. 

The different types of keels are just one fascinating vignette of the beautiful world of yacht design. If you’d like to learn more about what makes these beautiful boats tick, I highly recommend you check out the book Yacht Design According to Perry. Authored by renowned yacht designer Bob Perry , the book talks about all design aspects and provides insight into sailboats. 

Prices pulled from the Amazon Product Advertising API on:

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.

Matt has been boating around Florida for over 25 years in everything from small powerboats to large cruising catamarans. He currently lives aboard a 38-foot Cabo Rico sailboat with his wife Lucy and adventure dog Chelsea. Together, they cruise between winters in The Bahamas and summers in the Chesapeake Bay.

What is a Keel?: The Backbone of a Ship

As ships sail through tumultuous seas, their stability and maneuverability are tested to the fullest extent. The intricate design and engineering that go into a ship’s construction ensure that it can withstand the forces of nature and navigate through any challenging conditions. One of the most critical components of a ship’s design is the keel, the backbone of the vessel that determines its stability and balance. The keel has a long and fascinating history, from its earliest origins to its modern-day design considerations.

Understanding the anatomy, function, and types of keels is essential for any seafaring enthusiast or professional. In this article, we’ll delve into the intricacies of what is a keel, exploring its history, types, function, and future. Whether you’re a seasoned sailor or simply curious about shipbuilding, join us on this journey as we discover why the keel is truly the backbone of a ship.

A keel in its basic form is a flat blade located under a sailboat that dips into the water. It has two purposes: to prevent the boat from being pushed sideways by the wind and to hold the ballast that maintains the boat’s upright position.

History of Keels

The history of keels dates back to ancient times, where ships were constructed from a simple dugout log. As shipbuilding advanced, keels began to take shape in the form of a simple plank, extending from the bow to the stern. These early keels were primarily used to provide a rigid structure for the ship and to provide stability by countering the lateral forces of the sails.

With the advent of the Age of Sail, the importance of the keel increased significantly. As ships became larger and more complex, so too did the keel design. The early keels were replaced by more substantial and elaborate designs, such as the deep keel and the long keel. These designs provided greater stability and resistance to the lateral forces of the wind, allowing ships to sail further and faster than ever before.

During the 19th century, shipbuilding experienced a significant transformation with the introduction of iron and steel construction. This led to the development of the modern keel, which incorporated a central steel plate that was reinforced with additional plates and ribs. This new design provided unparalleled strength and durability, allowing ships to navigate even the most treacherous waters.

In the modern era, keel design continues to evolve, with a focus on maximizing performance and minimizing environmental impact. As shipbuilding technology advances, so too does the complexity of the keel, with the introduction of cutting-edge materials and innovative design techniques. From its humble beginnings to its modern-day applications, the history of the keel is a testament to human ingenuity and the endless possibilities of engineering.

The Most Common Sailboat Keel Types

Full keel: long and deep.

A full keel is the most traditional and conservative type of keel. It extends the entire length of the ship and provides excellent directional stability. The full keel is typically narrow and deep, with a flat bottom and a gentle slope towards the front and back. Full keels are commonly used in traditional sailboats and small cruising boats due to their stability and ease of handling.

Fin keel: Narrow and Deep

The fin keel is a more modern and streamlined type of keel. It is typically shorter and deeper than a full keel and is designed to reduce drag and increase speed. The fin keel is shaped like a thin blade that extends down from the hull, providing excellent lateral resistance. Fin keels are commonly used in racing sailboats and high-performance cruising boats.

Bulb keel: Fin Keel with a Bulbous Weight

A bulb keel is a type of fin keel with a bulbous weight at the bottom, which increases stability and reduces drag. The added weight at the bottom of the bulb keel helps keep the boat upright in rough seas, making it an ideal choice for performance-oriented cruising boats.

Wing Keel: Two Horizontal Wings

The wing keel is a type of keel that incorporates small wings or flaps at the bottom of the keel. These wings or flaps help to generate lift and reduce drag, making the ship more efficient and faster. The wing keel is commonly used in racing sailboats and some high-performance cruising boats.

Bilge Keels: Pair of Shorter Keels

The bilge keel is a unique type of keel that features two separate keels on either side of the ship’s hull, near the bilge area. The two keels are identical in shape and size and run parallel to each other. Bilge keels provide excellent lateral stability, especially in shallow waters, and they also offer protection against grounding. They are commonly used in small commercial vessels and some pleasure craft.

Centerboard: Retractable Keels

A centerboard is a retractable keel that can be raised or lowered depending on the depth of the water. It provides good upwind performance and allows access to shallow waters. Centerboards are commonly found in small sailboats because they offer better performance than fixed keels while still allowing boats to navigate shallow waters.

Keel Materials

The material used to build a keel can vary from cast iron, lead, steel, or composite materials. Each material has its advantages and disadvantages.

Cast iron is the most common material used for keels due to its low cost and durability. It is also easily repairable if damaged. However, it is susceptible to rusting and requires regular maintenance.

Lead is a popular choice for high-performance sailboats due to its density, which provides excellent stability while reducing overall weight. However, it is expensive compared to other materials and can cause environmental concerns if not disposed of correctly.

Steel is another popular choice for keels due to its strength and durability. It also offers good value for money compared to other materials but requires regular maintenance against rusting.

Composite materials such as fiberglass are becoming increasingly popular for their lightweight properties and resistance to corrosion. They are also easier to shape into complex designs but tend not to be as durable as metal-based keels.

The Importance of Sailboat Keels in Ship’s Operation

Sailboat keels are an essential component of a ship’s operation. They play a crucial role in maintaining stability and control while sailing, ensuring that the vessel stays on course and doesn’t capsize in rough waters. Without a keel, a sailboat would be at the mercy of the wind and waves, making it difficult to steer and navigate.

The primary function of a sailboat keel is to counteract the force of the wind on the sails. As wind pushes against the sails, it creates a lateral force known as “heeling.” This force can cause the boat to tip over or even capsize if not properly balanced. A sailboat keel serves as a counterbalance to this force, preventing the boat from tipping over by providing stability and balance.

In addition to its stabilizing function, sailboat keels also help with steering and maneuverability. By adjusting the angle of attack on the keel, sailors can change direction or adjust their speed without relying solely on their sails. This allows for greater control over the vessel, especially in challenging conditions such as high winds or rough seas.

Keel and Sailing Performance

The design of a ship’s keel has a significant impact on its sailing performance. Factors like the shape, size, and position of the keel can affect the ship’s speed, maneuverability, and stability.

One critical factor in keel design is the aspect ratio, which is the ratio of the keel’s length to its width. Keels with a high aspect ratio, meaning they are longer and narrower, are generally more efficient at generating lift and reducing drag, making them faster and more maneuverable. However, high aspect ratio keels may be less stable than wider, shorter keels, which can affect their suitability for certain types of sailing.

Another important factor in keel design is the angle of attack, which is the angle between the keel and the water’s surface. A keel with a higher angle of attack can generate more lift, but it may also create more drag, which can slow down the ship. The optimal angle of attack depends on various factors like wind and sea conditions and the ship’s speed and course.

Additionally, the position of the keel on the ship can also affect its sailing performance. A keel located closer to the bow of the ship can improve its upwind performance, while a keel positioned closer to the stern can improve downwind performance.

Ultimately, the design of a ship’s keel is a balancing act between various factors that affect its sailing performance. A well-designed keel can help the ship to sail faster, more efficiently, and with greater stability, making it a crucial component of any sailing vessel.

Environmental Impact

Sailboats have long been regarded as a more environmentally friendly alternative to motorized boats, as they rely on the power of the wind rather than fossil fuels. However, sailboats, like all vessels, still have an environmental impact, and the design of their keels can play a role in this impact.

One aspect of keel design that can affect the environmental impact of sailboats is the use of ballast. Traditional keels use heavy materials like lead or iron as ballast to stabilize the ship and prevent capsizing. However, the production and disposal of these materials can have environmental consequences, such as lead pollution and the release of greenhouse gases during the manufacturing process.

As a response to these environmental concerns, some sailboats have begun to use alternative materials for ballast, such as water or sand. These materials have lower environmental impact than lead or iron and can be more easily disposed of or recycled.

Myths and Misconceptions

There are several myths and misconceptions surrounding sailboat keels, which can lead to confusion and misunderstanding among sailors and enthusiasts. Here are a few of the most common myths and the realities behind them:

• Myth #1: The deeper the keel, the faster the boat. Reality: While a deeper keel can increase the stability and windward performance of a sailboat, it does not necessarily translate to faster speed. Other factors such as the hull design, sail plan, and wind conditions can have a greater impact on speed.
• Myth #2: Lead keels are the best option for sailboats. Reality: While lead has been a popular choice for sailboat keels due to its density and stability, alternative materials like iron, steel, or composite materials can also provide comparable performance and safety.
• Myth #3: A damaged keel can be repaired easily. Reality: Repairing a damaged keel can be a challenging and costly process, and in some cases, the keel may need to be replaced entirely. Damage to the keel can also compromise the safety and stability of the sailboat, so it’s essential to address any damage promptly.
• Myth #4: Keels only impact sailing performance. Reality: The keel not only affects sailing performance but also plays a crucial role in the safety and stability of the sailboat. A poorly designed or damaged keel can lead to capsizing or grounding, which can be dangerous or even fatal.

Keel Innovations and Future Developments

As with many aspects of sailing, keel design is continually evolving, and new innovations are emerging that could have a significant impact on sailboat performance, safety, and environmental impact. Here are a few keel innovations and future developments to keep an eye on:

• Innovation #1 Foiling keels Foiling keels use a similar design to hydrofoils, with a wing-like shape that lifts the boat out of the water and reduces drag. Foiling keels have the potential to improve speed and performance while reducing fuel consumption and environmental impact.
• Innovation #2 Retractable keels Retractable keels allow sailboats to navigate shallower waters and can improve safety by reducing the risk of grounding or damage to the keel. Some retractable keels can also pivot, allowing for improved maneuverability.
• Innovation #3 Carbon fiber keels Carbon fiber is a lightweight and durable material that has become increasingly popular in sailboat construction. Carbon fiber keels can provide excellent stability while reducing weight and increasing speed.

• Future development #1 Smart keels Advances in sensor and computing technology are opening up new possibilities for “smart” keels that can adjust their shape and position in response to changing sailing conditions. Smart keels could improve sailing performance and safety while reducing the workload on the crew.
• Future development #2 Sustainable keels As environmental concerns continue to grow, there is a growing focus on developing keels and other boat components that are more sustainable and environmentally friendly. This could include using renewable materials, designing for end-of-life recyclability, and reducing the environmental impact of keel production and disposal.

What is a Keel? Conclusion

In conclusion, the keel is a crucial part of a sailboat that ensures its stability and maneuverability while sailing. Its history goes back centuries and has evolved to include various types that cater to different sailing needs. Although the keel’s primary function remains unchanged, its impact on sailing performance, safety, and the environment cannot be ignored.

While myths and misconceptions about keels abound, they are generally unfounded and should not discourage sailboat enthusiasts from enjoying their time on the water. As new technologies and materials continue to emerge, the future of keel design promises to be exciting, with innovations that enhance sailing performance and minimize environmental impact. Sailing enthusiasts can look forward to experiencing the benefits of these developments in the years to come.

What is the purpose of a keel on a sailboat?

The keel serves as the sailboat’s “backbone,” providing stability and counteracting the force of wind on the sails. It also helps the boat maintain a consistent course and prevents sideways drift.

Can a sailboat operate without a keel?

Yes, some smaller sailboats, such as dinghies and catamarans, do not have a traditional keel. However, they may have a centerboard or daggerboard that serves a similar purpose.

Are there any safety concerns related to sailboat keels?

Improper keel design or maintenance can pose safety risks, such as the keel detaching from the boat or the boat capsizing. It’s important to ensure that the keel is properly installed, inspected, and maintained to minimize these risks.

Similar Posts

Basic Sailing Terminology: Sailboat Parts Explained

Sailing is a timeless activity that has captivated the hearts of adventurous souls for centuries. But, let’s face it, for beginners, sailing can be as intimidating as trying to navigate through a dark, labyrinthine maze with a blindfold on. The vast array of sailing terminology, sailboat parts and jargon can seem like a foreign language…

How Much Does Biofouling Slows Down your Boat?

Are you wondering how much biofouling can impact the performance of your sailboat? The amount of how much biofouling slows down a sailboat depends on various factors, such as the type of boat, its size, and the severity of the biofouling. On average, a sailboat with a heavily fouled hull can experience a reduction in…

Mainsail Furling Systems – Which one is right for you?

With the variety of options of mainsail furling systems available, including slab, in-boom, and in-mast systems, it can be challenging to determine which one best suits your needs. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the pros and cons of each system, enabling you to make an informed decision that aligns with your sailing requirements….

What is a Sloop? Definition, Types and History

A sloop is a type of sailboat that has a single mast and a fore-and-aft rig. Sloops are a type of sailboat that has been around for centuries. They are known for their versatility and ease of handling, making them popular among sailors of all skill levels. Sloops have a single mast and a fore-and-aft…

What is a Ketch Sailboat?

Ketch boats are frequently seen in certain regions and offer various advantages in terms of handling. However, what is a ketch and how does it stand out? A ketch is a sailboat with two masts. The mainmast is shorter than the mast on a sloop, and the mizzenmast aft is shorter than the mainmast. Ketches…

Advantages of Catamaran Sailboat Charter

A catamaran sailboat charter is an exciting way to explore the beauty of the sea. Whether you are an experienced sailor or a first-timer, booking a catamaran sailboat charter has a lot of advantages that you can enjoy. In this article, we will discuss the advantages of booking a catamaran sailboat charter, so that you…

Better Sailing

Full Keel Vs Fin Keel On Sailboats

There are many types of keels, but the main two categories are Full and Fin Keels. Traditionally, cruising boats had a full keel, and that made them very stable in the water. This design prevailed for decades until the industry began to realize the emergence of a new type of consumer, the weekend vacationer, or sailor. For this new client, those high benefits were not a priority because rarely, if never to say, would he move away from the coast.

What is the Keel For?

Sailboats have keels to reduce the amount of slippage to leeward (the opposite side of the boat the wind is coming from). In essence, the keel of a sailboat has the function of compensating the action of the wind on the sails, preventing dejection, converting that force into thrust, and making the ship stay on course. As a general rule, the heavier and deeper a keel is, the more stable a boat is. 

Full Keel or Fin Keel?

Each keel shape has advantages and disadvantages, you will never have the “perfect” keel for your boat. But, the best keel for you and your boat completely depends on the style of sailing that you are planning on doing. 

Full Keel Sailboats

Although full keels are by far the least efficient design, they offer incredible strength and versatility. If we want to explore new waters in which we could run aground, or travel offshore, a complete keel will keep our backs better than any other. One thing is certain though, a full keel will never fall off your boat as a fin keel can.

Full Keel Advantages: 

• Handles better in tough weather
• Better directional stability
• Maneuver well in downwind conditions
• Better for offshore sailing and ocean passes
• Their movements are softer to be more in tune with the movement of the sea itself.
• Since the full keel runs through the entire hull, the forces exercised on it are transferred to a very large area, so it is often said that they are more robust.
• Thanks to their shape, they respond better to an impact against the bottom than a boat with fin keel, which could be seriously damaged.
• The rudder and propeller are more protected against a possible collision.
• If you stranded with a complete keel sailboat, the forces will be well distributed, the damage will be (in theory) minimal and your biggest concern (although not small) will be to see how to get the boat out of there.
• More stable when sitting still at anchor

Full Keel  Disadvantages : 

• Slower compared to a fin keel boat
• Handles poorly in winward conditions
• Usually more cramped than fin keeled boats.
• The turning radius is larger, which makes maneuvering in tight spaces difficult, and turning them with a weak wind can be difficult.
• You have to help more with the engine, which translates into increased wear and an increase in fuel consumption.

Fin Keel Sailboats

The fin keel is, by far, the most common type in modern sailboats. A fin keel is a flat, narrow and hydrodynamic piece located under the hull. Unlike the running keel, it is not an integral part of it but is screwed to it. To compensate for the relatively small ballast it provides, the fin keel is usually deeper.

Fin Keel  Advantages:

• They are faster than full keel boats
• They maneuver better
• Better for daysailing
• Less resistance to rudder rotation
• Short turning radius
• They usually fit better with tight schedules, such as weekend cruises.

Fin Keel  Disadvantages : 

• Less robustness and have to be repaired sooner.
• They offer less lateral resistance, which can lead to a strong and sudden heel when a wave or gust of wind hits the boat.
• They do not keep their course as well as a full keel boat and demand more effort and attention at the helm.
• The rudder is more exposed and is more vulnerable to shock and material fatigue. In this sense, an important variation of the rudder is the rudder with skeg. The skeg is a sturdy element that offers support and protection to the rudder.
• If we are stranded with a sailboat with a fin keel, we can find cracks or fissures at the junction of the keel with the hull.

Full Keel Vs Fin Keel – Summary

It is said that fin keels are made to outrun a storm and full keels ara made to weather a storm. So, a full keel sailboat will be slower but more stable during bad weather where a fin keel will be faster but more unstable. A fin keel boat will not have a problem sailing during a storm and you will make it out just fine but you will not be as comfortable or “safe” as in a full keel boat.

Your choice also has to do with the length of the boat you will buy. A very small boat will benefit from a full keel and heavy displacement in terms of seaworthiness and safety. However, a small boat with these characteristics will be a slow one. If speed and time are not your concerns then maybe a full keel is a better match for you.

Like so many things in sailing, there are many tradeoffs in this particular choice, and only you can decide what’s best for you.

So, as you can understand, there not a clear winner in this competition. The answer to this question really does depend on what is the purpose of the boat’s design and your individual needs. Will you be using your boat to cruise, make passages, offshore cruising, offshore racing, coastal racing, etc? You first need to answer these questions and get a boat the checks most items on your “wish list”.

Peter is the editor of Better Sailing. He has sailed for countless hours and has maintained his own boats and sailboats for years. After years of trial and error, he decided to start this website to share the knowledge.

Related Posts

Sailing with Friends: Tie Knots, Navigate the Seas and Create Unforgettable Memories

Atlantic vs Pacific: Which is More Dangerous for Sailing?

The Ultimate Guide to Choosing the Best Fishing Line for Trolling

Lagoon Catamaran Review: Are Lagoon Catamarans Good?

• Buyer's Guide
• Destinations
• Maintenance
• Sailing Info

Hit enter to search or ESC to close.

How Does a Sailboat Keel Work?

Sailboats have the unique characteristic that other boats don’t have and that’s being able to generate forward motion through water without using an engine. While this may seem like an obvious statement, the reason this non-combustible moving force is possible is due to a unique combination of parts of a sailboat, more notably the keel.

With a keel, a sailboat has the ability to resist certain forces initially kicked off by the wind, ultimately resulting in the sailboat cutting through the water.

So how does a keel work? A keel converts sideways force on the sailboat by the wind into forward motion and it provides ballast (i.e., keeps the sailboat from tipping). By canceling out the perpendicular force on the sailboat originally caused by the wind hitting the sail, the only significant leftover force produces forward motion.

Learning about how a keel works, in my opinion, is one of the most fascinating aspects of learning how to sail because, in the end, you truly get a solid understanding of what makes a sailboat a sailboat.

Whether your a science geek (like me) or just want to learn at a basic level how a keel works, this article’s for you!

Quick Intro to the Keel

If you’re anything like me, sometimes it’s nice to get a quick refresher into the basics of a topic before diving into the meat.

When it comes to learning about how a keels works, it’s a good idea to run through some basic knowledge of what a keel is in the first place.

To put it simply, a keel is a symmetric, wing-like object that’s attached to the bottom of a boat’s hull. While sailboats require a keel to function properly, powerboats don’t necessarily need them since they produce their forward moving force through combustion.

There are a number of different types of sailboat keels depending on the type of sailboat you have. Some of the most popular types of sailboat keels include:

• Full-length keel
• Wing or bulb keel
• Centerboard

These different types of sailboat keel have a number of advantages and disadvantages. Based on how you like to sail and which environments you’ll be sailing in, you’ll want to choose the right keel for you.

How a Keel Works

A keel on a sailboat really comes in handy whenever you’re in a point of sail that doesn’t include running. When you’re sailboat’s in the running point of sail, the wind is coming from behind making the keel a tad bit useless.

However, when sailing under any other point of sail, especially ones heading towards the wind, a keel is absolutely necessary.

The main reason for this is because the keel keeps the sailboat from tipping by resisting the lateral force on the sailboat by the wind hitting the sail.

Let’s take a step back and think about a simple example of when your sailboat’s sail caught some wind and began moving forward.

Say you’re in your sailboat and you tighten your sails (which depends on the type of sail ) just right so they’re catching the wind without your sails luffing. What follows is:

• The wind hits the sail at an angle.
• The sail attempts to resist the sideways force and transfer it to a force parallel to the sailboat/hull.
• The keel assists the sail in resisting the sideways wind force, ultimately canceling it out.
• The sailboat tilts a bit because the cancelation of lateral force isn’t 100%.
• The leftover force is the parallel wind force produced by the sail, resulting in forward motion.
• The hydrodynamics of the hull and keel allow the sailboat to cut through the water efficiently.

There’s a bit of handwaving going on here, so let me expand on this in more detail.

The wind hits the sail at an angle which means the sail is being pushed around, so it wants to get rid of some of that energy and put it to use.

Since a sail acts like a wing due to its shape when being filled with wind, it attempts to transfer it into a propelling force that’s parallel to the sailboat. Think about rolling a marble around a curved object. That marble is being transferred somewhere else.

Now, if your sailboat only had to depend on the wind hitting the sail, your sailboat wouldn’t only move forward move but also at an angle.

This is because there’s no other force actively resisting the perpendicular component of the force of the wind. Maybe the keel can help us out!

Unlike the sail, the keel is in a fixed position which is not by accident. Since the keel has a consistent position and shape, has a large surface area, and is made out of a heavy, dense material, the keel is the perfect candidate to fight against being dragged sideways through the water.

The path of least resistance for a sailboat is forward and we can thank the keel (and hull) for enforcing this rule.

With the two powerful and opposite lateral forces between the wind hitting the sail and the water pushing the keel, these forces virtually cancel each other out.

The only force left over is the wind force that was transferred by the wing-like sail in the parallel direction resulting only in a force that produces forward motion.

By having a hull and keel that are well-shaped, clean, and smooth, your sailboat will be able to more easily cut through the water due to reduced friction, which allows for more of that forward motion energy to be used to… move forward!

That (among other things) is a good reason to keep a clean, healthy hull and keel when out sailing.

When You Need and Don’t Need the Keel

As I mentioned before, there are more occasions when you need the keel as opposed to when you don’t.

When it comes to the majority of the points of sail, having a keel serves a very important role in ensuring your sailboat’s able to move forward effectively. Also, if you own a powerboat, you might actually not even need one.

When it comes to sailboats, we’ve already learned why your sailboat needs a keel. However, if you’re in the running point of sail , it’s not necessarily essential.

Considering that for hundreds of years sailboats were sailing around the world without keels, including during the times of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, we know that it’s possible at least in downwind situations.

Unfortunately for these ancient civilizations, if they ever found themselves having to travel upwind then they’d have to get their oars out and start rowing.

Picture those huge, pirate-looking ships with a bunch of square sails and rows sticking out the side of the ship. I’m glad someone discovered the use of keels!

When it comes down to it, you want a sailboat that has a keel and, unless you’re in the market for an 18th-century wooden sailboat, you’ll have one of several types of keels on your sailboat.

Avoid Running Aground

When sailing away, it’s important to realize the depth of the water so as to avoid the keel from running into the ground.

When this happens it’s called running aground and is one of the more embarrassing situations a sailor can experience. If a sailor tells you they’ve never run aground, all they need is a little more time out on the water and it’ll surely happen!

Regardless of the type and size of a sailboat, running aground can be damaging to a sailboat’s keel. Depending on whether your keel rubs against mud, sand, or other materials, the outcome can be either “meh” or “uh oh”.

When running aground, your keel can become damaged to the point of losing ballast, reduced hydrodynamics, and potential leaks.

This is why it’s extremely important to be aware of the depth of the water wherever you are now and plan to go, but sometimes things just pop up out of nowhere.

Paying close and constant attention to charts, detectors, and markers will help ensure that you’re on top of knowing the depth of water at any given moment.

Related Questions

When were keels invented? The use of keels has been traced all the way back to the Chinese Song dynasty (960-1270 AD) through the use of centerboards. During a similar period, it’s been discovered that Norwegian Vikings used keels that resemble more closely to what modern sailboats use today.

Do catamarans have keels? A catamaran is a sailboat that has two hulls, as opposed to a standard monohull sailboat, which results in having a wide beam producing an increased level of stability that does not require them to have a keel.

Get the very best sailing stuff straight to your inbox

Nomadic sailing.

At Nomadic Sailing, we're all about helping the community learn all there is to know about sailing. From learning how to sail to popular and lesser-known destinations to essential sailing gear and more.

Quick Links

Business address.

1200 Fourth Street #1141 Key West, FL 33040 United States

Copyright © 2024 Nomadic Sailing. All rights reserved. Nomadic Sailing is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.

What is a Sailboat Keel?

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

June 15, 2022

The keel protrudes from the bottom of the sailboat hull. Sailboats utilize a long keel, skeg, or blade to keep a straight course under sail.

The keel is one of the most important parts of the sailboat structure, and it's often the first major piece to be laid down during construction. The keel is the backbone of the boat and often contains a significant amount of ballast to keep the boat stable. There are several types of sailboat keels.

Table of contents

How Sailboat Keels Work

In simple terms, the keel of a sailboat acts as a water foil to keep the boat on a straight course. The protruding keel of a sailboat serves the same function as a centerboard or a leeboard with additional structural integrity.

But why do sailboats need a long keel when powerboats use a flat keel? Sailboats don't always navigate with the wind directly behind them. If they did, there would be no need for an extended keel. In other words, sailboats can sail in almost any direction to the wind because the keel helps convert angled force into forward motion. Without the keel, strong side winds would simply push the boat sideways or flip it over.

Keels also provide additional stability and allow the boat to heel over without capsizing. Long, heavy keels reduce rolling in rough weather, and thin, sporty keels reduce friction and increase speed in lighter winds. Next, we'll cover the most common types of sailboat keels and their uses.

Sailboat Keel Types

Designers and engineers have perfected the design of sailboat keels over the years. Keel types vary between boats based on size and the intended purpose of the boat. Fixed keels, which are used on medium and large sailboats, include full keels, modified full keels, fin keels, bilge keels, wing keels, and bulb keels .

Traditional sailboats often utilize a full (or 'deep') keel. This long and heavy keel flows with the shape of the vessel and extends far below the bilge level of the hull. Full keels run the length of the boat, and they're typically deepest at the stern of the vessel. The rudder often runs deep and matches the length of the keel.

Deep keel sailboats are often heavier and displace more water than other boats of similar length. They often have a very deep draft as well, making shallow-water cruising off-limits in many cases. That said, deep keels offer an enormous amount of stability and seaworthiness. Full keels offer the most comfort in rough weather.

Deep displacement hulls are excellent in heavy weather. They're also quite stable at extreme angles, as the added weight and depth of the hull make knockdowns less likely. However, some full keel designs have a tendency to heel violently to a certain angle, which makes some sailors uncomfortable. The 'sweet spot' angle of a full-keel boat is often a bit more dramatic than some would prefer.

Modified Full Keel

The modified full keel is a slightly modernized version of the old-fashioned displacement hull. It runs long and deep like a standard full keel but stops short of the bow and stern. Modified full keels are common, and they likely produce less drag than traditional deep keels.

One benefit of the modified full keel is a reduction in heeling. These vessels offer good all-around performance, but they're not designed for shallow water. Like the full keel, the rudder runs deep along the length of the modified keel. Modified keelboats are quite comfortable at sea, but nothing beats a full keel.

Fin keels are quite common on modern boats, and they range in size in depth dramatically. Fin keels are generally mounted from the center of a round-bottom sailboat and extend several feet below the base of the hull. At their base, fin keels are usually no longer than 1/3 of the vessel's waterline length.

Fin keels generally offer superior windward performance compared to full keels. They can be designed to reduce heeling, which can improve occupant comfort in some weather conditions. Fin keels are often made of steel, filled with lead, or weighted down in some way. This additional ballast improves stability and balances the boat.

Speed is another major advantage of the fin keel design. Fin keel sailboats achieve incredible speeds thanks to reduced drag. Racing boats often employ fin keels, but the benefits aren't limited to competition craft. Adding a few knots of speed on a long voyage can shave days off your arrival time, which is why fin keel sailboats are popular for ocean crossings.

Fin keels often run as deep or deeper than full and modified full keels. Sailors need to keep this in mind, as running aground with a fin keel can damage more than just the bottom of the boat. Fin keels are designed for coastal and bluewater cruising. And while fin keels are suitable for bluewater sailing, they can be less comfortable than full keels in inclement weather.

Skeg Rudder Fin Keel

Some fin keels feature a skeg rudder. This type of rudder runs deep and often matches the depth of the keel. But unlike a full keel, a skeg rudder is often separated from the keel itself by a gap. Sometimes, the keel re-emerges right before the rudder. This offers additional protection for the rudder.

Spade Rudder Fin Keel

The fastest fin keel design utilizes a spade rudder and a long, thin knife-like keel. A fin keel with a spade rudder has the least amount of drag and therefore outpaces all other keel designs virtually. However, speed comes at a cost. Windward performance suffers, and so does rough water comfort.

Additionally, sailboats with these types of fin keel have no extra rudder protection. Any contact with the bottom can shear the rudder clean off. Rough water and debris are also quite unwelcome and sometimes pose a serious threat. That said, these boats are superior for racing and traveling on the clock.

A bulb keel can be considered a type of fin keel, but this design deserves its own category. Bulb keels are excellent for shoal-draft boats, as they reduce draft without sacrificing a significant amount of performance.

Bulb keels are shortened fin keels with a torpedo-shaped bulb at the base. The bulb increases the surface area of the fin without significantly increasing its depth and also stores the required lead ballast to maintain stability.

Additionally, bulb keels are less vulnerable to grounding than traditional fin keels. For one, they're shallower and less likely to touch the bottom in the first place. But unlike fin keels and full keels, they're blunt—that means they won't cut into the seafloor like a blade, and they're easy to free from the muck.

The concept behind the wing keel is the same as the bulb keel, but the execution is a little bit different. Wing keels are short fin keels with horizontal outcroppings at the base. From the front or rear, wing keels look like an upside-down 'T' mounted to the base of the boat. They're great for shallow water, and they offer reasonable stability and windward performance.

Bilge keels are indeed multiple keels. The bilge keel is perhaps the most brilliant shoal draft adaptation for fixed-keel designs. Instead of a single long keel in the center, bilge keel sailboats feature two short keel fins on either side of the hull. They're mounted at opposite angles, reducing draft and coming into vertical alignment when the boat heels.

Twin-keel boat performance varies widely, but these vessels can be impressively seaworthy. Grounding isn't the end of the world, as bilge keels allow the boat to rest flat on the mud without digging in. With twin bilge keels, there's no need to sweat it when the tide goes out.

Related Articles

I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

by this author

Sailboat Parts

Learn About Sailboats

Most Recent

What Does "Sailing By The Lee" Mean?

October 3, 2023

The Best Sailing Schools And Programs: Reviews & Ratings

September 26, 2023

Important Legal Info

Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies.

Similar Posts

Affordable Sailboats You Can Build at Home

September 13, 2023

Best Small Sailboat Ornaments

September 12, 2023

Discover the Magic of Hydrofoil Sailboats

December 11, 2023

Popular Posts

Best Liveaboard Catamaran Sailboats

December 28, 2023

Can a Novice Sail Around the World?

Elizabeth O'Malley

4 Best Electric Outboard Motors

How Long Did It Take The Vikings To Sail To England?

10 Best Sailboat Brands (And Why)

December 20, 2023

7 Best Places To Liveaboard A Sailboat

Get the best sailing content.

Top Rated Posts

Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. (866) 342-SAIL

© 2024 Life of Sailing Email: [email protected] Address: 11816 Inwood Rd #3024 Dallas, TX 75244 Disclaimer Privacy Policy

Your source for the latest news on yachts, boats and more. Read through our articles to find out how to compare boats and find the right fit for you!

Shoal Keel Sailboats Advantages and Disadvantages

Sep 13, 2021

less than a min

Shoal keel sailboats are boats with less draft compared to the same model with a higher keel. The term shoal keel does not define a certain length of the keel rather than just differentiate one model from another. By reading the term shoal keel on a boat, you are meant to understand that a version with a normal keel is also available and that the particular model you are looking at can be used in shallower waters than the other one. 

Most shoal keel sailboats are used in ocean voyages near the coastline where the water is shallower. They can be used for fishing or recreational activities. 

Advantages of shoal keel sailboats

The most important advantage of a shoal keel sailboat is its ability to navigate shallow water without hitting the ground and without damaging the keel. As such, these boats are great for exploring caves and other touristic sights that other boats cannot access. 

In addition, shoal keel sailboats are great for lagoons and other shallow bodies of water. They offer the same interior space as boats with a normal keel, but are better equipped for sailing in shallow waters without risking damage to the keel, the lower part of the hull, or the entire structure of the boat. 

Disadvantages of shoal keel sailboats

Every boat has its own advantages and disadvantages, and so do shoal keel sailboats . 

Similar to flat bottom hull boats, shoal keel sailboats are not too stable and might have an increased risk of capsizing when the water is too rough. In addition, it has a different righting moment which makes it harder to navigate and maintain static stability. As a result, shoal keel sailboats are not as comfortable to sail. They are more appropriate for shorter sails rather than longer navigations. One of the most common side effects of a shoal keel sailboat trip is seasickness. 

You can find different shoal keel sailboats on TheBoatDB database and have a better look at each model to explore specific features and details such as manufacturer, price, pictures, displacement, size, and more. The carefully put-together platform also allows you to compare different shoal keel sailboats side by side, or even normal keel and shoal keel versions of the same sailboat. This is particularly important if you are in the market for a boat or are looking to rent one. You can base your decision on data that you can assess for yourself. 

You might like these too

Sailboat or Motorboat – Learn the pros and cons lg ...

Aug 24, 2022

Types of Catamaran Boats: Sailing, Power, and Luxury Catamarans lg ...

Feb 10, 2023

Which is better a wooden boat or fiberglass boat lg ...

What are the main types of sail rigs for sailboats lg ...

Which is the Best Economical Catamaran lg ...

Oct 04, 2021

What is a Chine on a Boat lg ...

Oct 01, 2021

• New Sailboats
• Sailboats 21-30ft
• Sailboats 31-35ft
• Sailboats 36-40ft
• Sailboats Over 40ft
• Sailboats Under 21feet
• used_sailboats
• Apps and Computer Programs
• Communications
• Fishfinders
• Handheld Electronics
• Plotters MFDS Rradar
• Wind, Speed & Depth Instruments
• Anchoring Mooring
• Running Rigging
• Sails Canvas
• Standing Rigging
• Diesel Engines
• Off Grid Energy
• Cleaning Waxing
• DIY Projects
• Repair, Tools & Materials
• Spare Parts
• Tools & Gadgets
• Cabin Comfort
• Ventilation
• Footwear Apparel
• Foul Weather Gear
• Mailport & PS Advisor
• Inside Practical Sailor Blog
• Activate My Web Access
• Reset Password
• Customer Service

• Free Newsletter

Mason 33 Used Boat Review

Beneteau 311, Catalina 310 and Hunter 326 Used Boat Comparison

Maine Cat 41 Used Boat Review

Cheoy Lee Clipper 36 & 42 Used Boat Review

Tips From A First “Sail” on the ICW

Tillerpilot Tips and Safety Cautions

Best Crimpers and Strippers for Fixing Marine Electrical Connectors

Thinking Through a Solar Power Installation

Stopping Mainsheet Twist

Working with High-Tech Ropes

Getting a Clue for the Blown-Out Clew

Monel Seizing Wire is Worth the Extra Cost

Fuel Lift Pump: Easy DIY Diesel Fuel System Diagnostic and Repair

Ensuring Safe Shorepower

Sinking? Check Your Stuffing Box

The Rain Catcher’s Guide

Boat Maintenance for the Technically Illiterate: Part 1

Whats the Best Way to Restore Clear Plastic Windows?

Mastering Precision Drilling: How to Use Drill Guides

Giving Bugs the Big Goodbye

Galley Gadgets for the Cruising Sailor

Those Extras you Don’t Need But Love to Have

UV Clothing: Is It Worth the Hype?

Preparing Yourself for Solo Sailing

How to Select Crew for a Passage or Delivery

Preparing A Boat to Sail Solo

On Watch: This 60-Year-Old Hinckley Pilot 35 is Also a Working…

On Watch: America’s Cup

On Watch: All Eyes on Europe Sail Racing

Dear Readers

Chafe Protection for Dock Lines

• Sailboat Reviews

A Look at Sailboat Design: Fin Keels vs. Full Keels

Details like keel design count when considering cruising sailboats..

Photos by Ralph Naranjo

When a keel tears away from a sailboats hull, it makes the loss of a rig or rudder seem like a minor inconvenience. History shows that its an uncommon occurrence, but because we now annually hear of such incidents, weve decided to take a closer look at keels and see what keeps the ballast where it belongs.

The International Sailing Federation (ISAF) Offshore Special Regulations devotes pages to helping sailors prevent and respond to a crew overboard incident. There is nothing about how to handle the loss of a keel or ballast bulb. Some might say this is because such occurrences are so infrequent, while others note that, if youre still upright once the ballast breaks off theres not much you can do other than blow the sheets, douse the sails as quickly as possible and attempt to stop any leaks.

When solo sailor Mike Plants Open 60 Coyote lost her lead bulb in 1992, Mike was lost at sea. Other adventure-sailors have survived near instantaneous capsize precipitated by keel loss. In 2003, round-the-world racer Tim Kent and his crew capsized when Everest Horizontal lost its ballast on the way back from Bermuda. US Sailing Safety at Sea Committee Chairman Chuck Hawley was aboard the racing sloop Charlie, on the way back from Hawaii, when a loud groaning sound led to a deep heel as the lead peeled away from the keel bolts and ballast headed straight to the bottom. This encounter at least had a happy ending thanks to the crews quick actions to douse sail. Apparently the keel had been cast with too little antimony (an additive that causes lead to become a harder alloy). The point here is that keeping the keel attached is as important as keeping the crew safely on board. And for the offshore monohull sailor, preventing a keel loss, like preventing crew overboard, requires some informed forethought.

A ballast keel on a sailboat is a classic example of potential energy poised in a balancing act. The buoyancy of the hull itself offsets the effect of thousands of pounds of lead or iron. At rest, gravitys attraction for the dense material strains against the buoyancy of the hull, and the adjacent garboard region is continuously in tension. Few sailors spend much time contemplating how keel bolts corrode and what cycle-loading does to the resin matrix comprising the garboard region just above the ballast. What is apparent, is that the attachment material, whether it be wood, metal or fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), must be able to support a mass of metal weighing as much as a small truck-and do so day in and day out for decades.

Underway, every tack causes the rig and sailplan to try to lever this ballast package free from the hull. And when the helmsman starts daydreaming about lobster for dinner and wanders off course onto a granite ledge Down East, the keel designed to handle sailing loads takes it on the chin. Its easy to see why experienced designers and builders lose sleep over their decisions about keel shape, structure, and what kind of safety factor should be built into the structure.

Its surprising to discover that with better materials and computer-aided design, we still hear about incidents such as the Rambler capsize in the 2011 Fastnet Race (PS, May 2012). Just as significant is a spate of smaller race boat keel-ectomies that have caused ISAF to send out a cautionary note to sailors around the world, and introduce new structural standards for race boats. Keeping the ballast attached to the boat involves an awareness of a chain-like set of failure points. And one of the most difficult decisions each designer must make is how to marry foil efficiency with a structural safety margin that covers the boats intended usage and the unintended use of the keel as a depth sounding device.

For decades, engineers and naval architects have had to contend with some racing sailors Icarus-like quest-a trend that prioritizes shedding weight and making the keel foil a long, thin appendage with a high-aspect ratio. Though not quite a flight toward the sun with wings made of wax and feathers, some race-boat scan’tlings walk a fine line between lightweight and structural failure. The challenge lies in attaching a lead bulb on a high-tensile steel foil to a lightweight, high-modulus, FRP hull. Interconnecting the dense metallic ballast to the lower-density foam/fiberglass hull structure is a true engineering puzzle. Part of the challenge lies in the dissipation of point loads (confined to a relatively small area) and how to handle the resulting stress risers. A stress riser is the point at which theres an abrupt change in a materials flexibility, such as where a stiff, fin keel meets the more elastic hull bottom. In FRP composites like those found in a balsa-cored hull, stress risers are a likely place for delamination to occur. Over time, these can result in the failure of the FRP composite.

The see-saw effect of the keel counteracting a vessels righting moment is a mathematically predictable energy transfer. Even the effect of groundings such as those that turn hull speed into a dead stop can be quantified. But its the cumulative effect of fatigue (localized structural damage caused by cyclical loading) and corrosion that are harder to pin down.

The term allision refers to hitting a fixed object such as a granite ledge or coral reef. Naval architects analyze the energy transfer and evaluate the stress and strain characteristics that occur. The recognition that the keel-to-hull connection must endure even more punishment than is doled out in heavy-weather sailing episodes is at the heart of how structural specs are devised.

Designers also must consider the jack-hammer-like pounding of a keel on a reef in surf, and realize that there are limits to the abuse a keel and hull can endure. With this in mind, its reasonable to assume that sailboat keels should be built to handle sailing induced loads for decades. It is the extra safety factor built into the boat that defines what happens when the sandbar is a rock pile.

What is harder to anticipate are the unusual encounters that can inflict serious damage to the keel connection. Take, for example, what happens when a sailboats deep fin keel is wedged in a rocky cleft and a good Samaritan with a big powerboat attempts to pivot the sailboat using a line attached to the bow. The distance from the keels vertical centerline to the stem may be 20 feet or more, and with a couple of thousand pounds of bollard pull, the 20-foot lever arm creates a rotary force that can spike to 40,000 foot-pounds or more. This level of torque goes well beyond what most designers and builders model as sailing loads, and its likely to seriously damage the boat.

In plain low-tech talk, extreme fin keels provide a valuable performance edge, but they come with their own set of downsides that every owner needs to be aware of. In essence, the more radical the keel shape, the better the crew must navigate.

A couple of decades ago, PS Technical Editor Ralph Naranjo ran a boatyard and had a client who liked to cut the corners during Block Island Race Week. His first spinnaker reach into a granite boulder stopped the boat and shoved the companionway ladder upward six inches. This underscored how an allision that causes the keel to stop abruptly transfers a shock wave through the entire hull. The resulting compression cracked several transverse members in the New York 40 and damaged the core in the canoe body near the garboard.

The FRP repairs had to be tapered and all delamination problems resolved. The moderate-aspect-ratio lead fin keel absorbed a good deal of the blunt trauma. Judging from the cannonball-size dent on the leading edge of the lead keel, it was clear that the impact was significant. The dent offered grim proof of the advantage of having soft lead instead of steel as keel ballast. New floor frames were added, the broken transverse members were replaced, and the boat was off and sailing.

The next season, the boat had another Block Island encounter, and only because the Petersen-designed New York 40 was a pretty ruggedly built boat was a second repair even considered. This time, an equally violent keel-to-hull trauma came from an on-the-wind encounter with a different rock. The extent of the delamination was greater than it had been in the first go round, and more extensive core removal and repair was required. The keel was dropped in order to check the bolts and the garboard. With the bilge fully opened for the FRP repair work, the repair crew made a pattern of the canoe body dead rise and fore and aft contour. As the glass work was being completed, they fabricated a stainless-steel grid that would spread keel loads fore and aft as well as athwartship. The new grid reinforced the keel attachment and returned the sloop to the race course.

Afterward, Naranjo and the owner discussed the details of the repair, including the possibility of hidden, widespread damage from the two groundings. These included the dynamic loads imposed upon the chainplates and rigging, the likelihood of hidden resin-cracking, and potential for more delamination and core shear linked to the torque induced by the accident. In short, any serious allision causes overt and hard-to-detect damage far from the actual impact zone, and these can lead to more problems down the road. When buying a used boat, look for a good pedigree, but also look for signs of previous blunt-force trauma. A good surveyor will be skilled in such structural forensics, and he or she will do more than comment on the gelcoat shine.

In the early days of wooden ships and iron men, a lack of dense metal ballast put less point-loading in the garboard region of the hull. Bilges free of cargo were filled with rocks or tighter-fitting granite blocks cut for more compact stacking. The principal of ballasting a vessel was to lower her center of gravity (CG) and create both an increase in the righting arm and a greater righting moment to offset the heeling moment created by the rig and sail plan. The keel also helped lessen leeway and would evolve into an appendage that added lift.

Movable ballast had a few downsides, not the least of which was its propensity to move in the wrong direction at the very worst moment. Even small boat sailors have found out what can happen to unsecured pigs of lead ballast when the boat heels far enough over for gravity to overcome friction. Whether stones, lead, movable water ballast, or a can’ting keel are used to augment the boats righting moment, a sailor must anticipate the worst-case scenario. This is when the weight ends up on the leeward side of the boat and a bad situation can turn into a real catastrophe. Fixing or locking ballast in place, controlling the volume of water put in ballast tanks, and limiting the can’ting keels range are sensible compromises.

Internal ballast, the ballast inside a keel envelope thats contiguous with the hull, is still seen in many new boats. Island Packet is an example of a builder has stuck with this traditional approach of securing ballast without using keel bolts. Its a sensible design for shoal-draft cruisers, and the upsides are numerous. These high-volume, long-range cruisers arent encumbered by the demands prioritized by light displacement, performance-oriented sailors. Instead, Island Packets combine a rugged laminate and a long-footed, shallow-draft keel. This may not place the lead or iron ballast as deep as the tip of a fin keel, but it does keep the all-important CG low enough to deliver a powerful righting moment along with shoal draft.

In order to deliver the high angle of vanishing stability (AVS) also known as limit of positive stability (LPS), designer Bob Johnson puts what amounts to an internal bulb in the very lowest point in the boat. This long slug of iron or lead (depending on the model) is then covered by Portland cement, locking it in the Island Packets monocoque structure. The result is a contiguous FRP structure spreading keel loads efficiently over a considerable amount of hull skin. Keel bolts and the infamous garboard seam are completely eliminated. This approach to sailboat keel design dates back to the Rhodes Bounty II and other prototypes in the production world of sailboats. Now over 50 years old, many of these boats continue to have a tenacious grasp on the lead or iron that they hold.

Encapsulated iron ballast is much less desirable than encapsulated lead, and its sad to see builders skimp on this. Iron, or even worse steel, has been used in many Far Eastern encapsulated keels. It works as long as water and the resulting oxidation havent caused expansion and cracking of the seal. Lead is also denser than ferrous metal, and therefore, the same amount of ballast will have a smaller volume and create less drag.

Encapsulated ballast starts to be less appealing as keels become more fin-like and high-aspect ratio. The reason for this is that the geometry of the support changes, focusing more load on less area of the hull. As hull shapes evolved into canoe underbodies with hard turns in the bilge, and fin-like keels became thinner, deeper, and with shorter chord measurements (thickness), the concept of encapsulated keel became impractical. The Cal 40, Ericson 39, Pearson 365, and a long list of similar genre boats signified the end of an era when performance racer/cruisers would be built with encapsulated ballast.

External Ballast

Performance-oriented sailors and race-boat designers quickly latched on to hull shapes marked by deep-draft, foil-shaped, high-aspect ratio fin keels. From the late 60s to whats currently glowing on CAD screens in designer offices around the world, keels have grown deeper and shorter in chord length, and bulb or anvil-like tips have grown more and more common.

The design development was sound, lift was enhanced, and deeper-not longer-became the answer to getting to windward faster. The challenge was not only in designing an efficient shape, it lay in creating an attachment means that minimized foil flex and twist, retained the low drag coefficient, and still had the ability to withstand an occasional, albeit modest, grounding.

During this same period, marine surveyors and boatyard techs began to see moderate groundings result in major structural problems. The classic example was the allision that produced a moderate dent in the lead at the leading edge of the keel tip. In many cases, further inspection revealed cracks radiating outward from a knot meter or depth sounder mistakenly placed just ahead of the keel. An even closer look often revealed grid damage or a cracked bulkhead just aft of the last keel bolt. Like the New York 40 mentioned earlier, this was a result of a shock wave radiating through the hull structure. As we learned in Mrs. McCrearys science class, Bodies in motion tend to stay in motion, unless acted on by an equal and opposite force. Fin keel sailboats encountering abrupt energy transfers,tend to endure more damage than their long-keel counterparts.

A forensic look at the Achilles heel of external ballast highlights a few pitfalls. First the good news: Lead absorbs impact well, consuming much of the imparted energy through deformation. However, the translation of the remaining energy from the metal keel foil and keelbolts into an FRP hull is where we often find stress risers, and point loading linked to material and hull shape changes. The near right-angle interface between a modern sailboats canoe body and its deep fin keel is a classic load-path hotspot. In the old days, fiberglass techs spoke of oil-canning or the dimpling of a large section of the garboard as tacks were swapped.

Today Naval Architects use Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to better engineer hull structure. Colorized graphics pinpoint load concentration, glowing bright red in the region where the keel joins the hull, the epicenter of the oil-canning. A common solution to coping with this high-load focal point, is to eliminate core in the region and to gradually increase the unit schedule (layers of FRP), or to add an internal FRP grid. Maximum thickness of a keel stub is located where the keelbolts penetrate the stub. In this region, the solid glass thickness is often equal to the dimension of the keel bolt diameter or even greater.

Laminate thickness at the keel bolts is only part of the equation. Just as important is how the transition to the general hull laminate transpires. A bullet-proof keel stub that immediately transitions into a core hull comprising two units of laminate on each side of the panel creates whats equivalent to a tear-on-the-dotted-line weakness. Transitions that involve sharp angles and marked differences in panel strength require a well-reinforced taper that spreads loads gradually rather than abruptly.

Occasionally, we see massive metal frameworks used in the bilge as support for keel bolts; these structures need to be carefully engineered to not create the same hard spot fracture points. When carefully tapered in order to gradually introduce more flex, the problem is abated, as it was in the repair of the New York 40 mentioned earlier. The stainless-steel grid built to support the keel loads incorporated a gradual decrease in stiffness to the framework. The keel was carefully mated to the underside of this grid to ensure full contact (See Keel Bolt Repair Options, online). As a result, the crew relieved the hard spots at the end points and made the transition to the more flexible FRP hull less dramatic.

For cruisers, the take-away lesson is that extra reinforcement, a long garboard keel-to-hull interface, and internal transverse and longitudinal reinforcement really do pay off. Keep in mind that the extra weight this entails is all below the center of gravity and contributes to the secondary righting moment as well as keeping the water out.

This is a big departure from the way many modern production boats are built. They carry a skimpy ballast ratio of 30 percent or less, have less structure to support the keel and are not designed to handle unintended cruising consequences. There are exceptions, and its worth looking at the keel design and structure of the Navy 44 Mark II and the USCG Leadership 44 (see PS, August 2012). These boats utilize external ballast and are examples of rugged keel attachment. They have a relatively long keel-to-stub garboard junction, the laminate scan’tling meets American Bureau of Shipping recommendations, and both utilize an overabundance of 316 stainless-steel keel bolts and an FRP grid to keep the keel where it belongs.

There are many reasons why were seeing more keel problems today. On one hand, light, fast, race-boat design pushes the envelope, and thats probably OK. But when mainstream racer/cruisers start to suffer from lead loss, too much of one good thing (high-aspect ratio) and too little of another good thing (reinforcement) can begin creeping into design and construction.

RELATED ARTICLES MORE FROM AUTHOR

Leave a reply cancel reply.

Log in to leave a comment

Latest Videos

The Perfect Family Sailboat! Hunter 27-2 – Boat Review

Pettit EZ-Poxy – How to Paint a Boat

The Boat From True Spirit – Sparkman & Stephens

Top 5 Boat Hacks – Boat Maintenance Tips and Tricks

Latest sailboat review.

• Privacy Policy
• Do Not Sell My Personal Information
• Online Account Activation
• Privacy Manager

Advertisement

Supported by

Questions for Investigators Trying to Unravel Mystery of Luxury Yacht’s Sinking

The investigators searching for answers about the shipwreck, leaving seven dead, face questions about extreme weather and possible human error or problems with the yacht itself.

• Share full article

By Alan Yuhas

More than 180 feet long, with a mast towering about 240 feet and a keel that could be lowered for greater stability, the Bayesian luxury yacht did not, in the eyes of its maker, have the vulnerabilities of a ship that would easily sink.

“It drives me insane,” Giovanni Costantino, the chief executive of the Italian Sea Group, which in 2022 bought the company that made the ship, said after its wreck last week. “Following all the proper procedures, that boat is unsinkable.”

But the $40 million sailing yacht sank within minutes and with fatal results: seven dead, including the British technology billionaire Michael Lynch, his teenage daughter, four of Mr. Lynch’s friends and a member of the crew. Fifteen people, including the captain, escaped on a lifeboat.

Mr. Lynch had invited family, friends and part of his legal team on a cruise in the Mediterranean to celebrate his acquittal in June of fraud charges tied to the sale of his company to the tech giant Hewlett-Packard.

The Italian authorities have opened a manslaughter investigation, searching for answers from the survivors, the manufacturer and the wreck itself. They face a range of questions and possible factors.

An ‘earthquake’ in the sky?

When the Bayesian sank around 4 a.m. on Aug. 19, the waters in its area, about half a mile off the Sicilian port of Porticello, were transformed by an extremely sudden and violent storm, according to fishermen, a captain in the area and meteorologists.

But what kind of storm is still a mystery, compounded by the fact that a sailing schooner anchored nearby did not have its own disaster. Also unclear is whether the crew was aware that the Italian authorities had issued general warnings about bad weather the night before.

Karsten Börner, the captain of the nearby passenger ship, said he’d had to steady his ship during “really violent” winds . During the storm, he said, the Bayesian seemed to disappear behind his ship.

Severe lightning and strong gusts were registered by the Italian Air Force’s Center for Aerospace Meteorology and Climatology, according to Attilio Di Diodato, its director. “It was very intense and brief in duration,” he said.

The yacht, he said, had most likely been hit by a fierce downburst — a blast of powerful wind surging down during a thunderstorm — or by a waterspout, a phenomenon similar to a tornado over water . His agency put out rough-sea warnings the previous evening, alerting sailors about storms and strong winds.

Locals have said the winds “felt like an earthquake,” and a fisherman in Porticello told an Italian newspaper he had seen a waterspout shortly before 4 a.m., and a flare go off around 4:10. He ventured to the site once the weather had calmed about 20 minutes later, he said, finding only cushions and planks.

Waterspouts are relatively common in the Mediterranean, meteorologists say, but like tornadoes their location and intensity are hard to predict.

The Italian authorities, however, have said they believed a downburst was more likely. They have so far declined to say whether investigators had seen any structural damage to the hull or other parts of the ship.

Open hatches or doors?

The boat executive, Mr. Costantino, has argued that the Bayesian was an extremely safe vessel that could list even to 75 degrees without capsizing. His company, the Italian Sea Group, in 2022 bought the yacht’s manufacturer, Perini Navi, which launched the ship in 2008.

Mr. Costantino said that if some of the hatches on the side and in the stern, or some of the deck doors, had been open, the boat could have taken on water and sunk. Standard procedure in such storms, he said, would be to switch on the engine, lift the anchor and turn the boat into the wind, lowering the keel for extra stability, closing doors and gathering the guests in the main hall inside the deck.

At a news conference on Saturday, almost a week after the sinking, investigators said the yacht had sunk at an angle , with its stern — where the heavy engine was — having gone down first. The wreck was found lying on its right side at the bottom of a bay, about 165 feet deep.

12 guests occupied the yacht’s six cabins. There were also 10 crew members.

Open hatches, doors and cabin windows could have let in water during a storm, according to the manufacturer.

Open hatches, doors and

cabin windows could

have let in water

during a storm,

according to the

manufacturer.

Source: Superyacht Times, YachtCharterFleet, MarineTraffic

By Veronica Penney

Water pouring into open hatches or doors could have contributed to the sinking, experts say, but that on its own may not account for the speed at which such a large boat vanished underwater.

Asked about the hatches at the news conference, the authorities declined to comment on whether they had been found open at the wreck.

The authorities have also not specified whether the boat had been anchored, whether it was under power at the time or whether its sails had been unfurled.

A retracted keel?

The Bayesian had a keel — the fin-like structure beneath a boat that can help stabilize it — that could be retracted or extended, according to its manufacturer. On some yachts, keels can be raised to let the large vessel dock in shallower water, and extended downward to help keep a boat level.

But like the hatches, the status of the keel alone may not explain why a large ship sank with such precipitous speed. Investigators have not disclosed what divers may have seen at the wreck, aside from saying divers had faced obstacles like furnishings and electrical wiring in tight quarters. Officials want to raise the wreck to better examine it, a process that may take weeks.

Human error?

Ambrogio Cartosio, the prosecutor in charge of the case, said at the news conference that it was “plausible” crimes had been committed, but that investigators had not zeroed in on any potential suspects.

“There could be responsibilities of the captain only,” he said. “There could be responsibilities of the whole crew. There could be responsibilities of the boat makers. Or there could be responsibilities of those who were in charge of surveilling the boat.”

It remains unclear what kind of emergency training or preparation took place before the disaster, or what kind of coordination there was during it. So far, none of the surviving crew members have made a public statement about what happened the night the ship sank.

Prosecutors said they want to ask more questions of the captain and crew, who have been in a Sicilian hotel with other survivors. They said that neither alcohol nor drug tests had been performed on crew members, and that they have been allowed to leave Italy.

Prosecutors also said they were also investigating why the captain, an experienced sailor, left the sinking boat while some passengers were still on board.

Besides possible manslaughter charges, the authorities are investigating the possibility of a negligently caused shipwreck.

The bodies of five passengers were found in one cabin, on the left side of the yacht, the authorities said. The five were most likely trying to flee to the higher side of the boat and were probably sleeping when the boat started to sink, they said.

• Today's news
• Reviews and deals
• Climate change
• 2024 election
• Newsletters
• Fall allergies
• Health news
• Mental health
• Sexual health
• Family health
• So mini ways
• Unapologetically
• Buying guides

Entertainment

• How to Watch
• My watchlist
• Stock market
• Biden economy
• Personal finance
• Stocks: most active
• Stocks: gainers
• Stocks: losers
• Trending tickers
• World indices
• US Treasury bonds
• Top mutual funds
• Highest open interest
• Highest implied volatility
• Currency converter
• Basic materials
• Communication services
• Consumer cyclical
• Consumer defensive
• Financial services
• Industrials
• Real estate
• Mutual funds
• Credit cards
• Balance transfer cards
• Cash back cards
• Rewards cards
• Travel cards
• Online checking
• High-yield savings
• Money market
• Home equity loan
• Personal loans
• Student loans
• Options pit
• Fantasy football
• Pro Pick 'Em
• College Pick 'Em
• Fantasy baseball
• Fantasy hockey
• Fantasy basketball
• Download the app
• Daily fantasy
• Scores and schedules
• GameChannel
• World Baseball Classic
• Premier League
• CONCACAF League
• Champions League
• Motorsports
• Horse racing

New on Yahoo

• Privacy Dashboard

Prosecutors to investigate Mike Lynch superyacht’s keel

Prosecutors will investigate the keel on Mike Lynch’s superyacht after it was found “partially elevated”.

On Wednesday, specialist divers continued to recover the remains of the missing passengers, and the tech entrepreneur and his 18-year-old daughter Hannah are believed to be among those pulled out of the water.

While exploring the Bayesian 165ft underwater on the seabed, it was reported that the vessel’s retractable keel was partially raised, raising questions about the boat’s stability at the time of the sinking.

The fin-like structure under the hull helped to stabilise the boat, acting as a counterweight to the mast, and stretched to 9.83 metres when the vessel’s centreboard was fully extended, according to a brochure about the yacht’s performance .

Experts have suggested the keel would normally be fully extended for extra stability during bad weather.

Dr Jean-Baptiste Souppez, a senior lecturer in Mechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering at Aston University, and a fellow of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, said: “The keel is vital to the stability of sailing vessels, and a deeper keel will provide additional stability.

“However, this is at the expense of draft, meaning shallow-water harbours and anchorages may become out of reach.

“For this reason, large superyachts are typically fitted with a lifting keel, allowing part of the keel to retract inside the vessel and reduce the draft. In such a case, the stability of the vessel is greatly diminished.

“Part of the investigation will, therefore, look into the keel. It is important to note that, even if found partially up, this could result from the impact with the bottom of the sea as the vessel sank, so early external observations may not be sufficient to draw conclusions.”

Tom Sharpe, a former Royal Navy frigate commander and current Telegraph columnist , said: “If it turns out that this keel was retractable, and that was its condition during this accident, then that would change your stability condition a great deal and would probably bring the pendulum effect of the mast into play.

“It doesn’t change what should be standard responses to bad weather at anchor, such as tracking forecasts, keeping a good visual look out and then when it happens, checking the upper deck for watertight integrity/security, starting your engine, taking the weight off the anchor and so on. It just makes them even more important.”

Prosecutors in the nearby town of Termini Imerese have opened an investigation into the disaster and will seek to establish what caused the boat to sink and if any of the crew are criminally liable.

Another early focus of the investigation, which is expected to last months, is likely to be whether the yacht’s crew had failed to close access hatches into the vessel before it was hit by a tornado above the sea, known as a waterspout, off the coast of Sicily .

Survivor interviews

Ambrogio Cartosio, the chief prosecutor of Termini Imerese, and assistant prosecutors must determine what went wrong and whether the sinking of the Bayesian was down to human error or simply a freak weather event.

He and his team have already started interviewing the 15 survivors  as well as gathering evidence from emergency workers and divers from the coast guard and the national fire service.

The UK’s Marine Accident Investigation Branch, which has sent investigators to the scene, is also expected to support the prosecutor’s inquiries.

The Italian Sea Group, which owns Perini Navi, the company that built the Bayesian yacht, said that even without the retractable keel the vessel would still be stable.

A spokesman said: “The yacht was built in 2008 by the Perini shipyards of Viareggio and the last refit was in 2020.

“The controversies about the mast are sterile controversies because the mast, according to those who have seen it, is intact.

“The retractable keel stabilizes the ship, but even without the keel completely out the ship is stable and only a massive entry of water could have caused the sinking which did not happen in a minute as someone wrote.”

Bodies recovered

Teams of specialist divers, including some who took part in the Costa Concordia recovery , spent most of Wednesday searching for the six missing passengers who had gathered on the boat to celebrate Mr Lynch’s acquittal in a fraud trial .

The teams broke through a 3cm pane of glass on the side of the yacht yesterday and entered the hull, using special jacks produced by a locksmith in Porticello.

Divers had been frustrated by a 12-minute time limit required when working at a depth of 48 metres and had spoken about the challenges of dealing with narrow corridors and floating debris obstructing their way. They used remotely operated vehicles to help them in the search.

Eventually, two bodies were recovered from the wreckage on Wednesday – believed to be those of Mike Lynch and his teenage daughter, Hannah.

Three other bodies were then found, but only two were recovered and brought to shore, Salvatore Cocina, the head of Sicily’s civil protection agency, confirmed. One person remains missing.

As the body bags were taken back to the port of Porticello, dozens of emergency services staff were waiting and one was seen being put in the back of an ambulance.

The Italian coast guard previously did not rule out the possibility that those missing may still be alive, with experts speculating air pockets could have formed as the yacht sank.

Also missing are Jonathan Bloomer, the Morgan Stanley International bank chairman, and his wife Judy Bloomer, as well as Chris Morvillo, a Clifford Chance lawyer, and his wife Neda Morvillo.

The Bayesian was moored about half a mile off the coast of Porticello when it sank at about 5am local time on Monday as the area was hit by a storm.

Broaden your horizons with award-winning British journalism. Try The Telegraph free for 3 months with unlimited access to our award-winning website, exclusive app, money-saving offers and more.

Recommended Stories

Minnesota lynx retire former star maya moore's jersey in emotional ceremony after win over caitlin clark, fever.

Caitlin Clark, who was surprised by Maya Moore last season while playing with the Hawkeyes, was at the Target Center to watch the retirement ceremony on Saturday night.

Dodgers star Shohei Ohtani throws first pitches off mound after UCL surgery

Shohei Ohtani officially became the fastest player in league history to join the 40-40 club on Friday night.

NFL Preseason Blitz: Bryce Young plays in the preseason and has a positive outing

The first overall pick of last year's draft looked sharp in his first preseason snaps this year.

Police arrest man after he allegedly stole sword, bullhorn from Rick Pitino's St. John's office

Rick Pitino will enter his second season with the Red Storm this fall.

Shoppers in their 60s and 70s say their secret to looking younger is this $7 collagen cream

The fragrance-free, L'Oreal formula has 45,000+ five-star fans report plump, moisturized skin — and it's nearly 40% off.

Angels break up Bowden Francis' no-hitter in 9th inning, marking latest failed no-no bid for Blue Jays

Bowden Francis was three outs away from what would have been just the second no-hitter in Blue Jays history on Saturday afternoon.

After whirlwind rise to fame, Chappell Roan doubles down on 'predatory behavior' from fans

Chappell Roan is separating her work life from her personal life, and wants fans to respect her boundaries.

The knit jacket shoppers say is better than 'J.Crew cardigans' is nearly 50% off

Pretty over a turtleneck or blouse, this cardi is the lightweight coverup fall calls for — and it's just $30.

Little League World Series: Florida, Chinese Taipei will face off in Sunday's Little League World Series Final

Chinese Taipei got a dominant 4-1 win over Venezuela while Florida beat Texas in a 10-7 thriller; the two will now face off for the Little League title.

The fallout after Bolt’s aggressive fundraising attempt has been wild

This past week was a wild one in the world of fintech as Bolt surprised the industry with a leaked term sheet that revealed it is trying to raise $200 million in equity and an unusual, additional $250 million in “marketing credits.” As part of this deal, Bolt wanted a $14 billion valuation bolstered by an aggressive pay-to-play type cramdown that would try and force its existing investors to cough up more cash, too, or essentially lose their stakes to a 1 cent per share buyout. Brad Pamnani, an investor who is spearheading the proposed $200 million equity investment deal, told TechCrunch on Thursday that shareholders have until the end of next week to indicate whether or not they plan to write checks into the new funding round.

Amazon sells a tube of this bestselling mascara every 7 seconds — it's just $5

'I really do look like I have falsies': Over 253,000 five-star fans say you'll get length, volume and zero clumps.

New tech features can cause significant headaches for buyers, study says

J.D. Power's recent study found that automakers' push to include everything and the kitchen sink for tech might not be the best approach.

Starliner astronauts will come home in February on a SpaceX Crew Dragon

Astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams will come home in February 2025 on a SpaceX Crew Dragon, and the Boeing Starliner they flew to the International Space Station on in June will return uncrewed.

As inflation cools, employee pay raises are on the decline

Fewer employers plan to bump up salaries next year, and signing bonuses are few and far between, according to several new surveys. Even job switchers aren't getting pay bumps.

These seamless panties that 'fit like a dream' are $17 for a 6-pack

You'll also love the soft fabric and low-cut waist that make these feel like a second skin.

Junkyard Gem: 1995 Mitsubishi Mirage S Coupe

A 1995 Mitsubishi Mirage S Coupe, twin to the Dodge and Plymouth Colt, found in a Colorado wrecking yard.

Valve finally confirms its next game, Deadlock, with a bare-bones Steam page

The company has finally confirmed the game’s existence with an official Steam page, which notes that Deadlock 'is in early development' and in the hands of playtesters.

Walmart's early Labor Day sale has dropped: Score rare deals on HP, Beats, Dyson and more

Snag an HP laptop for under $200, fan-favorite Beats headphones for nearly $200 off and a cute-but-tough chainsaw for just $43.

New COVID vaccines, plastic in our brains and why baby food isn't meeting nutrition standards: Catch up on the week's health news here

Here's the health news you need to know this week.

Women 50+ love these stylish, forgiving jeans — now on sale, starting at $18

Lee, Gloria Vanderbilt and more: Here's the skinny on these denim delights.

There are 3 major theories as to why Mike Lynch’s Bayesian yacht sank so fast

O n Thursday, Italian authorities retrieved a fifth body from the Bayesian superyacht that sank in a storm earlier this week, killing British technology entrepreneur Mike Lynch. 

The British-flagged, 184-foot vessel sank early Monday , and the five identified bodies thus far from the incident include Mike Lynch , founder of Autonomy and Darktrace; Morgan Stanley Bank International chairman Jonathan Bloomer and his wife, Judy; Chris Morvillo, a Clifford Chance lawyer; and his wife, Neda, were also found. Lynch’s 18-year-old daughter Hannah is still missing.

There are several theories as to why the massive, $39 million boat sank in just about 60 seconds. And the maker of the ship says the crew should’ve had time to rescue passengers. 

Theory one — the mast was pushed over by the wind

The first theory is the mast on the massive vessel was so tall it tipped the boat over when a waterspout— essentially a water tornado —hit the boat. Giovanni Costantino , CEO of The Italian Sea Group , which owns several boat brands including the yacht’s builder, Perini Navi , told The Financial Times the boat was “designed to be absolutely stable” because it had the “world’s second-tallest mast.” But Karsten Borner, the skipper of a nearby boat, suggests the sinking actually could have been caused by high winds hitting the 236-foot mast. Even with sails stowed, the mast and its rigging would have provided a vast surface area for wind resistance. 

The Bayesian “went flat [with the mast] on the water, and then went down,” Borner told Reuters . For reference, the tallest mast on a sailing boat on record was the Mirabella V at nearly 247 feet long, according to Guinness World Records .

Theory two — the retractable keel was in the wrong position

The second theory about the cause of the Bayesian sinking is that the keel was retracted when it should have been lowered, making the boat less stable. The keel is a structural beam that runs under the middle of the boat from bow to stern, giving the boat better stability, a lower center of gravity in the water, and more control while moving forward. “Without the keel, a boat might slip or skim on the water,” according to boat manufacturer Sea Born .

The Bayesian had a keel that could be retracted, according to the yacht’s manufacturer, Perini Navi. It could be lifted to reduce the draught of the boat, making it easier to enter shallow harbors. It’s possible that if the keel had been in the raised position rather than extended, that could’ve compromised the boat’s stability in a strong wind, causing it to sink.

Theory three — a major hatch was left open to the waves

Perhaps the strongest theory so far is the notion that someone on board may have left a major hatch or door ajar, causing the boat to quickly fill with water. In fact, Costantino thinks this is the strongest theory after watching back footage of the sinking. In fact, the rear of the boat appears to have a hinged door that folds down into a sea-level deck.

Since it was obvious the Bayesian was taking on water, there should have been time to get everyone off the boat and into rafts, Costantino told the FT .

“Jesus Christ! The hull is intact. The water came in from [hatchways] left open,” he said. “There is no other possible explanation. If manoeuvred properly, the boat would have comfortably handled the weather—comfortably,” he said.

This story was originally featured on Fortune.com

13 Popular Trailerable Sailboats with Lifting Keels

Trailerable boats come in a wide range of styles, sizes and capabilities. Dinghies and small sport boats are easy to trailer and even car top, but what if you're looking for something you can take some place, and maybe spend a weekend on board?

One good way to open a lot of shallow cruising grounds and gunkholes and to make your trailering life easier is to add a lifting or swing keel to the boat. With drafts under a foot on some models, these boats will give you a lot less trouble with overpasses, wires and launching.

While this isn't an exhaustive list, these thirteen popular boats will give you an idea of the range of trailerable boats with lifting keels you can find on the market. Some are older and no longer built, and you can find some of them at the boat shows and ready for purchase new today. Whether you're looking for a day sailer or a weekender for a couple to gunkhole along the coast, here are some great boats to consider.

Catalina 22 Sport

• Com Pac Eclipse

Flying Scot

• Islander 24

MacGregor 26

Montgomery 17, norseboat 17.5.

• Seaward 26 RK
• West Wight Potter 15/19

Most of these builders have several boat models, and several them have specialized in pocket cruisers, trailerable boats, and smaller hulls. Remember the specific model listed may be a good sample of their work, but check their entire lineup for something closest to what you want.

13 Biggest Trailerable Sailboats: Cheap But Good

Also - not all these boats are still in production, though they you can find them for sail used. Links are to the builder where possible, or to information pages to learn more if the builder is no longer around. Because we're looking at smaller boats, they won't likely be listed on brokerage sites, so you'll need to search for them on places like Craigslist, class association sites, and smaller regional boat sales sites and for sale boards.

On this page:

Com-pac eclipse, seaward 26rk, west wight potter (15 and 19), finding your boat.

First introduced in 1970, the Catalina 22 has been one of the most popular trailerable boats since its inception, though the Mk II update added a few inches of beam and couldn't race the Mk1 boats under one design class rules. The 22 Sport updates the classic original, while returning to the specifications for class legal racing out of the box with the original 22. It has a retractable lead keel, or an fixed keel option, and has berths below for up to four people. It's an easy weekender to launch and sail, with ready made fleets for fun, competitive racing.

Find the specs here

Com-Pac specializes in small, compact trailerable sailboats. The Eclipse is a solid example of their sloop-rigged boats. With a 21 foot overall length, 7'4" beam, and a 2,200 lbs displacement, it will tow easily with a modest vehicle. Down below, you'll find a double v-berth and space for cooking and food preparation. This converts to sleeping space with two additional quarter berths.

When looking for a trailerable pocket cruiser, look at the entire Com-Pac line.

Over five hundred CS 22 hulls were built in their production run in the early 70s, and this sturdy little cruiser is still a popular boat if you can find one on the used market. They conceived it as a lightweight, trailerable cruiser. It has a stubby externally ballasted keel with centerboard for added stability and pointing.

Though small, the interior has sleeping accommodations for four, a small galley, and a space for a portable toilet, making it a suitable choice for short expeditions and weekending. Though scarce today, the CS 22 is a good example of compact design that helped set the standard for later pocket cruisers.

The Flying Scot is a day sailer, and a popular design with over a hundred racing fleets around the U.S. It's an older design, having been in production for over fifty years, but this 19 foot sloop will still get a small group out on the water for a day of sailing and fun. Although it doesn't have an interior, clever and adventurous sailors have rigged up boom tents and other means to spend the night on their boats. Options on new boats include space for motor mounts, swim platforms, and higher end racing packages, and there is a strong market for parts and equipment.

The Hunter 22 is an updated replacement for the retired Hunter 216, another popular trailerable boat. The boat can be configured in a cruising setup with a V-berth and portable toilet, or a performance package with a sprit and asymmetrical spinnaker. For the size, it's a good value mini-cruiser with good performance and enough comfort to keep a small crew for a weekend. Depending how you configure your Hunter 22, it can run the gamut from comfy pocket cruiser to sporty day sailer.

Note: Hunter Marine changed names to Marlow-Hunter, though there is an enormous base of used boats with the Hunter brand.

There are several varieties of the MacGregor 26 beyond the base boat, including the 26D (1986-89), 26S (1990-95), 26X (1995-2003) and 26M (2002-2013). MacGregor boats have proven very popular trailerable boats, selling over 38,000 boats during the company's lifetime.

The Mac 26 differs from many small sailboats by two things - water ballast for stability, and the ability to take what is, by small sailboat standards, a massive outboard engine. A seventy horsepower engine on a 26' sailboat can make it hit planing speeds under power. This popular boat is a compromise - the water ballast, hull design, and smallish rig make it a somewhat underpowered sailboat, but it will sail. But if there is no wind, the Mac owners will still beat everyone back to the bar even while towing a water skier.

Their blend of form, function and design have made them controversial boats with experienced sailors, but there is no doubt the MacGregor 26 has gotten thousands of new boats on the water and built a loyal following for one of the most popular trailerable boats ever sold.

After the closure of MacGregor yachts, the Tattoo 26 was developed from the Mac 26 and is almost identical in performance capabilities and design.

Built at first with a fixed keel with an optional centerboard, orders for the keel/centerboard version outstripped the original and more centerboard versions were built. If you're looking for one, make sure it's the right version.

Lyle Hess and Jerry Montgomery designed the Montgomery 17 as a cruising capable, trailerable boat. The lapstrake fiberglass hull deflects spray and chop, and the 1,550 lb boat gives a stiff, dry sail. The cuddy cabin below has comfortable space for two adults, space for a portable toilet, and ample storage for gear and supplies. A four-part tackle rig makes raising the deck stepped a snap.

NorseBoats specializes in lighter day sailers and trailerable boats with a classic look but modern build and design concepts. Marketed as the "Swiss army knife" of boats, any of their offerings meet the criteria for an easy to trailer and handle boat with a shallow draft. The 17.5 can take a small outboard, has two rowing stations, and comes with a carbon fiber, rotating mast for easy setup and break down and solid performance under sail.

The larger NorseBoat 21.5 has an optional cabin version, with more sheltered space for sleeping and living than the open version.

The venture is a sixteen foot day sailer, and a modern design which can be sailed by up to eight people. The Venture has options for fixed keel, a centerboard, or a ballasted centerboard. As a forgiving design, it's a popular boat for inexperienced sailors and sail training, but still has enough power to be interesting and fun for skilled sailors as well. The RS Venture Connect features a lifting keel.

RS Sailing develops and sells many performance oriented small dinghies and day sailors aimed at a range of sailing skill and applications, from sail training dinghies to high performance racing skiffs.

Hand built with carbon fiber and vinylester resin over balsa core, this little boat is lighter than expected, but still sails well with options for a fixed keel or centerboard. At 16'10" overall, a 6'9" beam, and 1,300 lbs it's an easy boat to handle. But down below it's got a V-berth sized for adults and seating for two down below. The lapstrake designed hull deflects water and spray for a drier, more comfortable ride.

The smaller Sage 15 is another option for a lightweight boat using the same modern materials and techniques in a classically styled package.

The Seaward 26RK is the successor to Nick Hakes’ Seaward 25, with an edge to more comfort and better performance in a similar price to the last generation yacht. The result is the 26RK with more waterline, more buoyancy aft, and a lifting keel.

One of the larger boats on this list, the Seaward 26 RK, is still easy to move over land with a trailered weight under 6,000 pounds. The boat alone displaces 3,800 pounds, with 1,200 lbs. of that in retractable ballast with a bulb on the bottom. The keel lifts with an electric motor and is simple to operate. The cockpit is comfortable for four and has options for wheel or tiller steering.

Down below you'll find four six-foot berths and seating for four. Interior configurations include options for an enclosed head and v-berth, and a two-burner stove in a small galley.

Seaward Sailboats began sharing construction facilities with Island Packet Yachts and are sold through the same dealer network.

For over fifty years, the West Wight Potter has been a compact, trailerable option for a weekender and vacation boat. The fifteen and nineteen foot models have been fixtures at boat shows and in harbors, and sailors have even crossed oceans in these doughty little boats. The fifteen displaces only 475 pounds, with 165 pounds of ballast in the lifting keel. It's self righting and self bailing, with added foam for stability and floatation. The 19 is heavier at 1,225 pounds with 370 pounds of ballast, but the extra volume adds two more quarter berths, more headroom, space below, and more waterline.

With a kick up rudder and retracting keel, these little cruisers can be beached or taken in shallow waters. They designed the hull for stability and reduce spray for a dry and comfortable sail. Factory options include several creature comforts, sail options, and even trailers. With over 2,600 West Wight Potter 15s built and 1600 of the nineteen footer, there's a ready market of these pocket cruisers for sale.

While the big boats get the glory and high profile spots at the shows, smaller trailerable boats are what most people can buy. The corners of the shows where you see the West Wight Potters and Com-pacs to be just as exciting to me as the main docks filled with forty and fifty footers, because these smaller boats invoke a different adventure. An attainable adventure, for so many more people.

There's an array of smaller boats you can store in your garage or backyard and take out for everything from a casual day sail to a long summer vacation. This list gives you a flavor of what's out there in the trailerable boat market, but it's up to you to decide where you want to go and how you want to get here.

The article is headed by a photo of a S2 7.9 but that boat did not make your list. IMO the best trailer boat .

Leave a comment

You may also like, what is a swing or lifting keel 14 pros and cons explained.

If you need to know what a swing keel is, like me, this article is for you. I'm trying to decide what keel type is right for me, so I dove into the swing keel.

Sailboat Keel Types: Illustrated Guide (Bilge, Fin, Full)

Centerboard (Swing Keel) vs. Fixed Keel: Pros and Cons