ice yacht meaning

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• a sailing craft having a cross-shaped frame with a cockpit and runners for travelling over ice Also callediceboat

Example Sentences

These last words just barely reached the ears of the two who lay flattened out on the delicate flooring of the ice yacht.

These cars, equipped like a hotel, will sweep along with the motion of an ice-yacht.

I soon got back, and a relief party was at once sent in the ice-yacht to fetch Tom away in triumph.

Sometimes an ice-yacht would sail past the islet; sometimes a few boys would pass on skates; otherwise it was quiet and forsaken.

It was sliding over the surface now on the hydroplanes, which were like little boats, or the runners of an ice yacht.

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“If all our ice were glass, slightly wet, and all our air reasonably steady with lifters just where needed, sailing would be perfect. Sometimes we do find this, and it is worth waiting years to have. Meanwhile we must accept the more ordinary ice conditions, ordinary weather and wind, and gracefully accept snow, sometimes for weeks. Our ideal comes from time to time, the Great Maker gives only so much of the very best.” Charles H. Johnson.

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Spaight St. Syndicate Update: Daniel 2.0

by Deb Whitehorse | Sep 4, 2024

The Daniel 2.0 

If you are not smart like Pat Heppert, I would highly recommend getting yourself a Daniel 2.0. You see, Pat designed this slick sheeting system for our Mini Skeeters. Rather than pulling downward off the boom, our sheet runs underneath the deck, which allows us to trim with the full benefit of our legs and torso. Now Pat is plenty strong enough to sheet the traditional way, but his much older and weaker travel mate is a total wuss. The system was likely designed with this in mind, but Pat is too nice to say so. It also allows us to crouch down deep into the cockpit keeping our elbows in, reducing windage. Even Pat, with his superior musculature, can nearly disappear inside the cockpit.

My first attempted Mini build ended with my mast listing to leeward at about 30 degrees. I told everyone I was testing an on-the-fly adjustable stay system. I said it with such conviction that no one immediately pointed out that the Mini has a stay-less rig. Given the wreckage that was left on my deck, I doubt anyone bought it, but it was worth a try. I have made a living spinning tales for decades, so I just could not help myself. This configuration certainly was not fast!

The playa fact checkers uncovered that the spinmaster’s boat blew up on the second day of racing last May. Regatta Manager extraordinaire, Dennis Bassano, provided the “tow of shame” back to the pits, while interested parties gathered around to survey the wreckage. “That one’s not going to buff out,” one helpful observer offered. “Hardly a scratch I replied,” simultaneously wondering what I was going to do in the desert for the rest of the week? Fortunately, Ironman Renee Fields (for those not in-the-know, the adjective is gender neutral), graciously offered to withdraw from the Mini Class, to allow me to race Pete John’s spare boat. Renee routinely races in every class. Pete is still going fast nearing 90 years old. Two amazing people!

Truth-be-told, the builder was too much of a weight weenie, removing structure he considered unnecessary. Guess we all know how that turned out! Sorry John. Sorry Pat. In my defense, it worked for Senna. At least the hull was still in primer, so the eventual paint would hide my ineptitude.

Since I was performing major reconstructive surgery, I decided to move my ratchet block further forward underneath the deck. This, to give me more un-tapered mainsheet to clutch before reaching maximum block-to-block. And, to still have only the tapered sheet running through all eight blocks at race trim. If I were smart like Pat, I would have left a tracer line in my hull before closing it up. No matter how I attempted to contort my body, there was no way I could reach that far forward. And my access panel underneath, was not quite big enough. Enter Daniel 2.0. Dashel Daniel , my grandson. Among the greatest honors of my life, he was named after me.

Dash was happy to scurry into the cockpit abyss, skillfully rerouting my mainsheet through bulkhead bushings, around my ratchet block in the correct direction and back to my waiting hand. So, if you find yourself with a similar dilemma, let me know, and I will share contact info for his mom. Dash has yet to learn his marketable value, but rest assured he will. His “Pappy” (and his Dad) will see to that! For now, he is most satisfied to work for chocolate!

Iceboating: The Unsung Training Ground for America’s Cup Helmsmen

by Deb Whitehorse | Aug 22, 2024

Link to video. Previous: Ice Sailors to Represent USA in Youth America’s Cup In this interview with Harken Blockheads, Harry Melges IV, one of the helmsmen representing the USA in the upcoming Youth America’s Cup, was asked which boat sails most similarly to the cutting-edge AC40. His answer? “Iceboating is probably the most similar.”

This comes as no surprise for those of us in the iceboating community. Ever since foiling boats began to dominate the America’s Cup, we’ve recognized the parallels between the speeds and control demanded by both foiling and iceboating. Harry’s insight confirms what we’ve known all along iceboating is the perfect training ground for mastering high-speed sailing.

As Harry and his team prepare to compete on the world stage in Barcelona, it’s exciting to see hard water skills being recognized as key to success in the Youth America’s Cup. Iceboating continues to play a role in competitive sailing, and we’re proud to see our sport contributing to the next generation of champions.

Cheers to 50 Years – Nites Celebrates Half a Century of Nationals

Why not make a full weekend out of it? The Southern Wisconsin Iceboat Swap Meet is happening the next day, on Sunday, October 27, so you can enjoy a weekend dedicated to thinking ice. The Nite Class has even reserved hotel rooms at a discounted price to make it easier for you to join the fun.

Come celebrate, swap stories, and gear up for the season. If you plan to attend the cocktail party, RSVP to Nite Commodore Maureen Bohleber at 920-279-1506

HOTEL INFO – Ask for the Harken Party BEST WESTERN WAUKESHA GRAND 2840 N Grandview Blvd Pewaukee, WI 262-524-9300 2 Queens or 1 King $85.00 Book by 9/26

A Sail Slide’s Story

by Deb Whitehorse | Aug 20, 2024

Ruben Snodgress with COLD WAVE. Photo courtesy of Catherine Firmbach

The sail slide that Henry shared belonged to Ruben Snodgress, who owned the stern steerer COLD WAVE, and he sailed it on Mecox Bay in Long Island, New York. While I’m unsure if COLD WAVE was an Evinrude-built ice yacht, it certainly used Evinrude sail slides. Interestingly, there are mentions of ice yachts named COLD WAVE in old magazines, but I’m not sure of the history of Ruben’s boat. I suspect Henry can fill us in.

But the story doesn’t end there. Ruben Snodgress wasn’t just an ice sailor but a true adventurer. His adventures even took him to a Russian DN regatta before the Cold War ended. To learn more about Ruben’s trip to Russia, read the full story here: Siberian Adventure Part One Siberian Adventure Part Two

Mattison – Ripp Week: Celebrating Two Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club Legends

by Deb Whitehorse | Aug 11, 2024

This post features one of my favorite photos of them, capturing a moment before they headed to the 1962 International Skeeter Association (ISA) regatta on Lake Geneva. Jack Ripp entered the regatta as the defending champion, but 1962 was Bill Mattison’s year to shine, winning the ISA just 2 points ahead of Jack.

While the newspapers of that time only offered a little coverage of the regatta, we are fortunate to have Jane Pegel’s excellent day-by-day report in the ISA News and Views. Her detailed account allows us to relive those days’ excitement and celebrate the remarkable achievements of these two sailing legends.

A Good Day On the Ice – 1970 ISA Memories

by Deb Whitehorse | Jul 29, 2024

The recent passing of Gloria Melges reminded Don Sanford of a film clip from Bill Mattison’s collection taken at the 1970 International Skeeter Association Regatta, which was sailed on Lake Mendota from February 27 to March 1. Don shared this clip which shows a happy day on the ice for the Melges family and other assorted characters. It also brought back memories because I was there to watch my dad, Dave Rosten, and Buddy Melges tie for first place in that event. Link to Video

Here’s how the News and Views reported the regatta:

FRUSTRATING REGATTA CAPS OFF FRUSTRATING SEASON For Midwest iceboaters, this was anything but a dream season. Light air, snow on new ice, flurries that drifted into mountains, bitter cold and rain showers all tested the iceboater’s determination to enjoy his “Thing.” When the I.S.A. Championship was finally convened at Madison on February 27, it seemed as though the pain was to continue. The wind was non-existent and when it did come, it was light. As the regatta progressed throughout the three days, some of the races failed to make the time limit. Attempts were made to re-sail the abandoned races. But not all could be completed. Nevertheless, the competition was keen and some deserving champions were crowned.

Ice Sailors to Represent USA in Youth America’s Cup

by Deb Whitehorse | Jul 25, 2024

Remembering Gloria Melges

by Deb Whitehorse | Jul 22, 2024

Gloria Melges with her husband, Buddy, at the 2007 Northwest Regatta at Menominee, MI. Buddy won the Skeeter title that year.

The Four Lakes Ice Yacht Club and ice sailing community extend our deepest sympathies to the Melges family on the loss of their matriarch, Gloria Melges. Via Sailing Scuttlebutt:

Gloria Melges, 93, a beloved member of the sailing community and an esteemed race committee officer, passed away peacefully on July 20, 2024. Born in New Jersey on May 27, 1931, Gloria was raised spending summers aboard a Great Lakes cruising sailboat out of Chicago, where her father served as Commodore of the Columbia Yacht Club. This unique upbringing instilled in her a lifelong passion for the water and sailing. Gloria pursued higher education at Northwestern University Dental School, where she graduated with honors. During her time at Northwestern, she met and fell in love with Wisconsin yachtsman Harry C. “Buddy” Melges Jr. Their relationship blossomed, but their time together was interrupted when Buddy went to serve in the Korean War. Despite the distance, their love grew stronger through the heartfelt letters they exchanged while he was away. Upon Buddy’s return, he proposed to Gloria, and they were married shortly thereafter. Their deep bond and unwavering love for sailing became the foundation of their 69-year marriage, a passion they passed on to their three children: Laura, Harry III, and Hans. During their seven decades together, Gloria was a steadfast supporter of Buddy’s illustrious career, cheering for him both on and off the water. Gloria’s legacy extends beyond her family. She was the first female Commodore of the Lake Geneva Yacht Club on Geneva Lake in Wisconsin, a testament to her trailblazing spirit. Continue reading.

Gloria and Buddy on the plank of Buddy’s Skeeter MICKEY FINN, talking to Bill “Curly” Perrigo and his son Will. 

Chi Mac Update: Tales to Tell & Iceboaters Take Section 1

by Deb Whitehorse | Jul 15, 2024

Rick Hennig and crew on DEUCE

Read full report here. In case you missed it, the Chicago to Mackinac race took place over the weekend. First, the good news: Keith Haas checks in with the news that MEDICINE MAN, owned by Rick Hennig—who also owns the world’s largest iceboat, DEUCE—took top honors in Section One. Keith writes, “Rick Hennig took first place in Section 1 of the Chicago MAC race aboard his boat MEDICINE MAN. The crew consisted of notable iceboaters Rick Hennig, Todd Knop, Abby Knop, Jay Yaeso, Eric Sawyer, and Richard Sawyer.” Congratulations, Rick and crew.

However, as Great Lakes sailors know, Lake Michigan can quickly turn dangerous. A storm hit in the dead of night, which resulted in two serious situations: a dismasting (USUAL SUSPECTS – Ron Sherry & Skip Dieball) and man-overboard (CALLISTO – Steve Orlebeke), Skip and Ron have shared photos and stories on their Facebook pages. Skip shared the following story from USUAL SUSPECTS owner Eric Wynsma:

“Tough night for the Usual Suspects as we were dismasted early this morning about 35 miles offshore during the Chicago Yacht Club Race To Mackinac. Ripping along comfortably at 15 knots with an A2 and a Genoa staysail, a small cell popped up and whacked us with an 80-degree wind shift at 30+ knots, knocking us flat and breaking our mast in 3 places. We worked frantically to cut the rig away so it wouldn’t hole the boat as we jumped around in the waves attached by a million halyards and control lines. Everyone kept their act together, and nobody panicked as we just went into what we knew needed to happen. Very proud of our group. Nobody was hurt. I had all three of my kids aboard, and it was my 25th Chicago-Mackinac race! While not as good as our 52-class win last year, I am satisfied that we returned 13 suspects to the dock disappointed but unharmed! Thank you all for the support; this truly sucks for all of us, but we are keeping things in perspective. We consider ourselves fortunate under the circumstances! Sincerest thanks to some amazing sailors on board; the display of teamwork and seamanship in this situation was absolutely outstanding.”

Meanwhile, Steve Orlebeke and crew on CALLISTO had to deal with a man overboard situation that thankfully turned out OK. Phoebe Wall Howard’s excellent reporting about the race stated , “Disaster was averted after Madcap, a Santa Cruz 52 owned and skippered by John Hopkins, responded to a man overboard report from Callisto, a J/125 owned and skippered by Jim Murray. Both boats resumed racing the 333-statute mile (289 nautical mile) race without injury.”

2024 Chicago to Mac – For More Glory

by Deb Whitehorse | Jul 13, 2024

The 115th annual Chicago to Mackinac race is taking place today, and among the competitors are several iceboaters trading the hard water for soft water. While the race’s website makes it challenging to see all boats and crew on one page, we know that ice sailors Steve Orlebeke (DN & A Skeeter), Ron Sherry (DN & Renegade), Skip Dieball (DN & Renegade), Dave Elsmo (DN and A Skeeter), and Ben Witman (DN and C Skeeter) are participating.

Steve Orlebeke is sailing on the J125 CALLISTO, Ron Sherry and Skip Dieball are crewing on the TP52 USUAL SUSPECTS, and Dave Elsmo and Ben Witman are aboard the TP52 LEGACY. All are in the same division and vying for the Mackinac Trophy.

Ron and Steve have a long history of intense competition. Their unforgettable duel at the 2020 DN North American Championship in Montana is one of the greatest battles, beautifully captured in a video by Sean Heavy. As they gear up for the challenges of the Mackinac race, it’s a perfect time to revisit that legendary moment. Watch it here.

Follow the Chicago to Mackinac race here.

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ice yacht noun

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What does the noun ice yacht mean?

There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun ice yacht . See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.

How common is the noun ice yacht ?

Where does the noun ice yacht come from?

Earliest known use

The earliest known use of the noun ice yacht is in the 1830s.

OED's earliest evidence for ice yacht is from 1838, in the writing of J. G. Flügel.

ice yacht is formed within English, by compounding.

Etymons: ice n. , yacht n.

Nearby entries

• ice-up, n. 1973–
• ice wagon, n. 1838–
• ice water, n. 1576–
• ice wedge, n. 1865–
• ice whale, n. 1822–
• ice-white, adj. 1641–
• ice wine, n. 1953–
• ice wool, n. 1876–
• ice work, n. 1729–
• ice worm, n. 1830–
• ice yacht, n. 1838–
• ice yachting, n. 1866–
• ice yachtsman, n. 1875–
• I.C.F.T.U., n. 1955–
• Ichabod, n. 1702–
• Ichabodian, adj. 1887–
• ichane, int. 1513
• Ich dien, n. a1529–
• i-cheose, v. Old English–1400
• i-cherre, v. Old English–1300
• ichibu, n. 1616–

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Meaning & use

Entry history for ice yacht, n..

Originally published as part of the entry for ice, n.

ice, n. was revised in December 2012.

oed.com is a living text, updated every three months. Modifications may include:

• further revisions to definitions, pronunciation, etymology, headwords, variant spellings, quotations, and dates;
• new senses, phrases, and quotations.

Earlier versions of this entry were published in:

OED First Edition (1899)

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OED Second Edition (1989)

• View ice, n. in OED Second Edition

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Citation details

Factsheet for ice yacht, n., browse entry.

Boat Sailor

Ice sails: navigating the frozen adventure.

Ice sailing, also known as ice yachting, is a thrilling winter sport that combines the exhilaration of sailing with the beauty of frozen landscapes. As an enthusiast and advisor, I’m here to share insights into the world of ice sails, the risks associated with this sport, and valuable suggestions to ensure a safe and enjoyable ice sailing experience.

Understanding Ice Sails

Ice sailing involves the use of specialized boats, often referred to as ice yachts or ice boats, equipped with sails and runners designed for gliding smoothly on ice-covered bodies of water. The sails capture the power of the wind, propelling the boat forward with impressive speed. The sensation of gliding effortlessly across a frozen lake or river is a unique and addictive experience.

The Thrill of Ice Sailing

The allure of ice sailing lies in its speed and unpredictability. As the wind catches the sails and the boat accelerates, the thrill is undeniable. The sensation of controlling a vessel on the icy surface, the brisk wind in your face, and the serene winter landscapes around you create an unforgettable experience for enthusiasts.

Risks Associated with Ice Sailing

While ice sailing offers an unparalleled adventure, it’s crucial to be aware of the potential risks involved:

The biggest danger in ice sailing is falling through thin ice. Always check the ice thickness and quality before venturing out.

High speeds can lead to collisions with obstacles, other boats, or even wildlife on the ice.

Hypothermia

Exposure to cold temperatures and icy water can lead to hypothermia if not properly dressed and prepared.

Equipment Failure

Malfunctioning gear or rigging failures can result in accidents.

Inadequate Safety Measures

Ignoring safety precautions can increase the risk of accidents and injuries.

Safety Precautions

To minimize the risks associated with ice sailing, here are some essential safety measures to follow:

Ice Thickness

Always check the ice thickness, ensuring it’s safe for sailing. A minimum of 4 inches is generally considered safe.

Safety Gear

Wear appropriate safety gear, including a life jacket, helmet, and warm, waterproof clothing.

Buddy System

Ice sail with a buddy whenever possible. In case of emergencies, having someone with you can be a lifesaver.

Knowledge and Training

Seek proper training to learn the basics of ice sailing, including how to handle emergencies.

Weather Monitoring

Keep a close eye on weather conditions and be prepared to return to shore if conditions deteriorate.

Choosing the Right Equipment

Selecting the right equipment is crucial for a safe and enjoyable ice sailing experience. Ensure that your ice yacht is in good condition, with well-maintained sails and runners. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to avoid equipment failures.

Weather Conditions

Weather conditions play a significant role in ice sailing safety. Pay attention to factors like wind speed, ice stability, and temperature. Strong winds can increase the thrill but also elevate the risks, so always exercise caution in adverse conditions.

Training and Skill Development

Before embarking on your ice sailing adventure, invest time in developing your sailing skills. Learning how to control the boat and react to changing conditions is essential for a safe and enjoyable experience. Consider joining local ice sailing clubs for valuable guidance and camaraderie.

Local Regulations and Rules

Different locations may have specific regulations and rules regarding ice sailing. Check with local authorities or ice sailing organizations to ensure you are in compliance with any guidelines or restrictions.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Avoid common mistakes made by beginners, such as overestimating ice thickness, neglecting safety gear, or ignoring weather warnings. Learn from experienced ice sailors and prioritize safety above all else.

Personal Experience and Tips

As someone who has experienced the joy and challenges of ice sailing, I offer the following tips:

Always carry safety equipment and know how to use it.

Be cautious when sailing near the shore or areas with hidden obstacles.

Keep an eye on fellow sailors and offer assistance if needed.

Stay informed about local ice conditions and follow any advisories.

Enjoy the adventure but never compromise safety for thrills.

Ice sailing is an exhilarating winter sport that offers unique sensations and unforgettable moments. While the risks are real, with proper precautions and responsible behavior, you can enjoy this thrilling activity safely. Remember that the key to a memorable ice sailing adventure is to balance the adrenaline rush with safety and responsibility.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How thick should the ice be for safe ice sailing.

A minimum ice thickness of 4 inches is generally considered safe for ice sailing. However, thicker ice is preferable, especially in areas with varying conditions.

What safety gear is essential for ice sailing?

Essential safety gear includes a life jacket, helmet, and warm, waterproof clothing. Additionally, carrying ice picks or ice claws for self-rescue is recommended.

Can beginners try ice sailing, or is it for experienced sailors only?

Beginners can try ice sailing, but proper training is essential. Consider joining a local ice sailing club or seeking guidance from experienced sailors to get started safely.

Are there specific rules or regulations for ice sailing in different regions?

Yes, regulations can vary by location. It’s essential to check with local authorities or ice sailing organizations for specific rules and guidelines in your area.

How can I stay safe while ice sailing in challenging weather conditions?

Stay informed about weather forecasts and be prepared to return to shore if conditions deteriorate. Avoid sailing in excessively strong winds or when there are safety advisories in place.

Michael Thompson

Embarking on a lifelong love affair with the sea, I found solace and exhilaration in the art of sailing. From navigating treacherous waters to harnessing the wind's untamed power, my passion has evolved into a mission to inspire others. Join me on a voyage of discovery as we explore the vast horizons of sailing's timeless allure.

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An ice boat (often spelled as "iceboat") is a boat or purpose-built framework similar in functional design to a sail boat but fitted with skis or runners (skates) and designed to run over ice instead of through (liquid) water. Ice yachting is the sport of sailing and racing iceboats. Sail-able ice is known in the sport as "hard water" versus sailing on liquid or "soft" water. A related sport, land sailing, utilizes a configuration with an iceboat-like fuselage or frame equipped with wheels instead of runners. Iceboats commonly used for racing are usually only for one person, but several classes of two-seat and multiple-seat iceboats are more or less common. On some boats, a "side car" can be fitted to take others along for a ride.

Traditional iceboats from before the late 19th century were used for transportation of goods and racing. These boats reached lengths of 30 to 50 feet (9.1 to 15.2 m) and were sometimes transported between sites on rail cars. Ice sailing was first developed in Europe. In America, it was done in several locations where the sport also continues today. Many active ice sailing clubs are thriving in the northern States and Canadian Provinces, including on the Hudson River; Long Island Sound; Detroit, Michigan; Sandusky, Ohio; Gull Lake, Michigan; Lake Muskegon, Michigan; Geneva Lake, Wisconsin; Oshkosh, Wisconsin; Hamilton Bay, Ontario, Rondeau Bay, Ontario; Ghost Lake, Alberta and on other venues as far south as Decatur and Springfield, Illinois. Some of the older large "stern steerer" iceboats can seat several in their "baskets." Several of these boats are maintained and raced today. The Northwest Ice Yacht Association sponsors an annual regatta that includes classes for these boats. This annual regatta recently celebrated its 100th anniversary.

The first iceboat in America is attributed to Oliver Booth in 1790 at Poughkeepsie, NY. This craft was a small triangular box with two runners affixed to the front and a steering runner at the rear.

One unique type of ice boat has its history in wide, stubby, scow-like vessels used in the 1800s, often for transportation across a mixed passage transitioning over sea-ice and open water. Wildly sailed by adjusting main and jib sail trim only, these boats had no rudder. Parallel rails were mounted on the bottom, like multiple sled runners. These early vessels (called an "ice scooter" or "bay scooter") were capable of simultaneously and daringly traversing both open water and jumping onto stretches of ice and were used primarily for winter transportation to and from lighthouses and for ice fishing. In 1869, one of the largest ice yachts ever was built for racing on the frozen Hudson River, called the Icicle . That boat occasionally raced the railroad which ran alongside the Hudson.

The first iceboats were adaptations of regular sailing boats, with a wooden plank fastened cross-wise at the front having a fixed runner at each end, and a steering runner attached to the bottom of the rudder at the stern (back). These early ice sailing vessels led to the development of boats designed strictly for racing on ice. These "stern-steerer" iceboats were generally rigged as sloops, with a jib sail forward of the mast, although the catboat style with a single sail was also used.

The traditional stern-steerer boats were largely replaced by front steering boats in the 1930s, following the development of this style by Walter Beauvois of Williams Bay, Wisconsin in a boat named the Beau Skeeter . This boat led to the "Skeeter" class, and the Skeeter Ice Boat Club formed on Geneva Lake, Wisconsin. The Skeeter class adopted the logo of a mosquito on their sail, and has evolved into a very efficient aerodynamically clean machine. While the large stern-steerers could have up to 600 square feet (56 m 2 ) of sail, the Skeeter class is limited to just 75 square feet (7.0 m 2 ) of sail.

In 1937, The Detroit News sponsored a new home-buildable ice boat design, which became the International DN. In 1968 Dick Slates of Pewaukee, Wisconsin designed and built the Nite with two wooden prototypes. The design was refined and fiberglass production began in 1970.

2. Modern Designs

Modern iceboats designs are generally supported by three skate blades called "runners" supporting a triangular or cross-shaped frame with the steering runner in front. Runners are made of iron or steel and sharpened to a fine edge, most often cut to an angled edge of 90 degrees, which holds onto the ice, preventing slippage sideways from the lateral force of the wind developed by the sails. Once the lateral force has been effectively countered by the runner edge, the remaining force of "sail-lift" vacuums the boat forward with significant power. That power increases as the speed of the boat increases, allowing the boat to go much faster than the wind. The only seeming limitations to iceboat speed are windage, friction, the camber of the sail shape, strength of construction, quality of the ice surface and the level of skill, athleticism and fearlessness of the sailor. [ 1 ] Iceboats can sail as close as 7 degrees off the apparent wind. [ 2 ]

Modern designs of iceboats are very efficient, utilizing aerodynamic designs and low friction, and can achieve speeds as high as ten times the wind speed in good conditions. International DN iceboats often achieve speeds of 48 knots (89 km/h; 55 mph) while racing, and speeds as high as 59 knots (109 km/h; 68 mph) have been recorded. [ 3 ] Skeeters and older large stern-steerer iceboats can exceed 90 knots (170 km/h; 100 mph). The rumored, but unconfirmed, top speed of an iceboat is over 130 knots (240 km/h; 150 mph). One reference to a timed run on Lake Geneva, Wisconsin reported an "E-Skeeter" as having reached 137 knots (254 km/h; 158 mph). The same reference reported clocking a DN 60 iceboat on a closed course over black ice on Green Bay, Wisconsin at 94 knots (174 km/h; 108 mph). The stern-steerer Debutaunte , recently rebuilt, was timed over a measured mile at 124 knots (230 km/h; 143 mph) on the ice of Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin in 1938.

Because of the very high potential boat speeds, iceboat race courses are established around fixed marks which are to be rounded in a one-way route. The courses are deliberately set in a straight line upwind and downwind, though the boats have to tack back and forth to advance through the course. This course configuration provides a measure of traffic safety between competitors. Also, by directing the iceboat straight upwind or straight downwind, the sailor can best control the sail and limit the aerodynamic force; these are the slowest directions of travel. Recorded racing speeds for an International DN in 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) winds are 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph) upwind, and 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) downwind. [ 4 ] A downwind speed of 49 knots (91 km/h; 56 mph) was recorded at a World Championship in winds of just 13 to 15 knots (24 to 28 km/h; 15 to 17 mph). [ 3 ]

Iceboats are not produced commercially on a wide scale, but remain largely the province of hobbyists and enthusiasts building with high quality wood and plywood and more exotic materials such as foam, carbon fiber, fiberglass and epoxy. There are no known governmental licensing or registration requirements. Several classes are organized and boats must conform to the designs and rules of the classes in order to race.

Ice boats may have Sunfish rigs, Bermuda rigs, gaff rigs (see image) and even kite rigs. [ 5 ]

The International DN class is the most popular class in both North America and Europe. It is a one-person wood boat twelve feet long with a cross "plank" eight feet long and carries a mast 16 feet (4.9 m) high. Modern competitive DNs use flexible masts commonly made of composite materials. See ice.idniyra.org or icesailing.org. As noted above, the DN 60 name came as a result of a request published in the late 1930s by the Detroit News newspaper for a design to build a relatively inexpensive one-person iceboat that showed excellent performance, yet could be quickly built and sailed easily. The high-performance, modern DN is a far cry in materials and construction from the original design selected by the Detroit News. Yet, many of its one-design features are exactly the same as the original boat, including the basic aerodynamic fuselage design, runner configurations and 60 square feet (5.6 m 2 ) of high-performance sail.

The Skeeter class is divided into sub-classes (A, B and C) all of which are limited to 75 square feet (7.0 m 2 ) of sail area. A class boats are single seat, have mast heights in excess of 26 ft and include bubble boats and rumble seaters. These boats are the fastest skeeters around and are on the cutting edge of technology using carbon fiber in their construction. B class skeeters are two seat boats (side by side seating) with 23 to 25 ft masts, examples of B skeeters are the eastern Yankee and western Boe-Craft skeeters (www.boecraft.com). C class skeeters are single seat and are limited to a mast height of 20 ft 3in or less. Some one-design classes have evolved within the C Skeeter class as well. These include the Nite, Renegade and J14 (C class), which have a wide and enthusiastic following, and several locally popular classes at iceboating locations. The International Skeeter Association holds an annual regatta to bring all the classes together to race. The skeeters have a limited number of rules, including a requirement for a cloth sail, and some restrictions on mast profile. Modern "A" skeeters are the fastest boats on ice. Some have fully enclosed cockpits and mast heights up to 30 feet (9.1 m). The "A" class sail is measured at 72 square feet (6.7 m 2 ), which is the area of the triangle between the ends of the boom and the top of the mast. The actual sail area is much larger, as the "roach" of the sail outside this triangle is unmeasured. Also, the wing-mast and large aerodynamic boom is also unmeasured.

4. Icy Areas

Iceboating's popularity is primarily limited to the northern continental United States and Europe, as few places elsewhere have ice thick enough to safely use the vessels for an extended duration. Despite the ephemeral nature of perfect racing conditions in which a steady not-too-cold breeze combines with a broad stretch of flawless black ice, regattas are held regularly, including local, regional, continental and world championships. In the United States there are active regattas around the Great Lakes, and Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire, to Lake Minnetonka in Minneapolis, MN, and in Wisconsin at Pewaukee Lake, Geneva Lake, Lake Winnebago and the lakes surrounding Madison, several lakes in upstate New York and several Western lakes. All are within the "ice belt" of approximately 40°N latitude to 45°-50°N latitude where it gets cold enough to freeze water to several inches thick before snow covers them. There is an active group of sailors on the Chesapeake Bay, where sail-able ice appears irregularly. Once a thick snow fall occurs, iceboaters must wait for the snow to melt completely then refreeze or travel to another lake/area. The preferred condition of "black ice" is smooth clear ice that has no snow and has frozen in a state of smoothness. Thus, the far north cannot support iceboating well, as the snow comes early and does not melt, and further south the freezing does not produce consistently safe ice.

• An elementary introduction to the relevant physics can be found at the bottom of the page "Archived copy". http://iceboat.org/faqiceboat.html. 
• See page 204 of Bethwaite, Frank (2007). High Performance Sailing. Adlard Coles Nautical. ISBN 978-0-7136-6704-2. 
• Dill, Bob (March 2003), "Sailing Yacht Design for Maximum Speed", The 16th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium, Anapolis: SNAME, http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/572109/24503675/1394724903587/Sailing+Yacht+Design+for+Maximum+Speed.pdf?token=5pzNaaWIFu%2F7e3pN5RiQ2e6MmmM%3D 
• Dill, Bob (2004-Feb): "Putting Numbers on Iceboat Sailing Performance", idniyra.org, retrieved on 2009-01-14 http://www.ice.idniyra.org/articles/IceboatSailingPerformance.html
• http://www.instructables.com/id/Traditional-Polynesian-Ice-Canoe-Ice-Proa/

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Home > List > Sailing > Ice Yachting

Ice Yachting

Ice yachting (or Ice Sailing) is a type of sailing sport, where sail boats called ice yachts (or iceboats) are used to race on frozen lakes and rivers. The sport is high-speed in nature, where the average is about 72 mph, and high winds boats reaching speeds of up to 90 miles. The sport originated on the Hudson River in the United States. The sport is currently very popular in the United States and Canada, and to some extent in the Netherlands and Finland.

Ice yachts are about 40 ft long, where the entire boat rests on a single piece runner plank with runners, and a rudder. The runners and the rudder are made of soft cast iron. There are four different classifications of ice yachts based on the canvas used for the sails. They are, 300 sq ft and below, 300 to 450 sq ft, 450 to 600 sq ft, and 600 sq ft or more.

A typical ice yachting course is about 15 to 20 miles long with several turns. Each boat will have a crew of six or seven members, who line themselves on the runner plank based on the wind to balance the boat. Most courses are triangular in shape where each side is a mile long, and at least two directions are windward.

Many competitions are conducted on the Great Lakes in the United States, where several clubs compete.

Similar Sports

• Sailing — a sport that involves moving a boat by using the power of the wind.
• Land Sailing — racing in three-wheeled vehicles moving across land powered by wind through the use of a sail. Also known as sand yachting or land yachting.
• Land Windsurfing — similar to traditional Windsurfing though performed on land rather than water, using a four-wheeled deck to travel across the surface. Also known as "Terrasailing", "street sailing", "land sailing" and "dirt windsurfing"

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• 1.1.1 Synonyms
• 1.1.2 Related terms
• 1.1.3 Translations

ice yacht ( plural ice yachts )

• A craft , in the broad shape of a yacht , fitted with skis or runners so as to sail on the ice .
• iceboat , ice boat

Related terms

• ice yachting

Translations

• English lemmas
• English nouns
• English countable nouns
• English multiword terms
• en:Watercraft
• en:Winter sports
• English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys
• English entries with topic categories using raw markup
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DN ICE YACHT RACING

Maximum speed, member countries, registered sail numbers, world championship competitors, the fastest sailing on the planet..

Fun.Exciting.Exhilarating.

Join the dn world., connect with us in europe, connect with us in north america, international dn ice yacht racing association, europe & north america, join our class. our community..

The one-design DN ice yacht is easy to transport, light, and relatively inexpensive. Carrying 60 sq ft/ 5.57 sq m of sail, it offers spirited performance and very competitive sailing. Ice yachters, from veterans to juniors, find the DN’s demands in competition a satisfying challenge. The DN has evolved into the world’s largest iceboat class with active sailors in 18 countries. A world championship regatta is held each year, alternating between North America and Europe. North American regions and European countries also host their own continental championships and regional events.

Why You Should Be Sailing a DN

“DN sailing has taken me around the world and introduced me to life-long friends – the very best people on the planet. If you make the effort to learn the sport, you can achieve results at any age, any gender, or any size. “

“I am fascinated by many things about ice sailing: the speed, the acceleration, the use of technology, and sports in nature with cold winter air. And of course, the large DN family with many friends is a reason to go ice sailing..”

“DN sailing has taught me everything – fast trajectories, apparent wind building, and much more. Sailing 5 times the wind speed has made me such a better sailor! And frankly, the spirit of the class, driven by passion, speed and friendship, is hard to beat. One of my favorite sailing boats, with absolutely no doubt ! It’s just like a drug, you become addicted at first sight!!”

More knots per dollar/euro than any other sailing

2025 DN Regatta Schedule

World & North American Championships Date: 2 – 8 February, 2025 Host Region: North America, Central Region Location: Michigan, Ohio, or best in ice North America Email Contact: [email protected] Information: DN North America idniyra.org

European Championship Date: 22 February – 1 March, 2025 Host Country: Europe, DN Finland Location:  Finland or best ice in Europe Email Contact: [email protected] Information: DN Europe idniyra.eu

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LATEST NEWS

Runner tracks newsletter september 2024.

by Deb Whitehorse | Sep 5, 2024

Runner Tracks

The online magazine of the international dn ice yacht racing association, current issue: september 2024.

Whether you are an experienced ice boater or a newcomer, Runner Tracks newsletter is the ultimate resource for everything related to ice boating. Check out the complete online library here.

RUNNER TRACKS IS AVAILABLE IN THREE DIFFERENT FORMATS: Flipbook Magazine Download pdf file (best for tablets) Download single page pdf (best for phones)

IN THIS ISSUE

• Remembering Stan Macur P111
• Let’s Try Random Starts by Robert Cummins

Interview with PJ Dwarshuis and Mischa Heemskerk: Exploring the DNA ‘DN’ Rig Design

by Deb Whitehorse | Sep 4, 2024

Link to video.

Discover how the innovative new A-Class catamaran mast design was heavily influenced by the DN iceboat rig. (With a shout-out to Robert Gracyk P31.) For more insights, don’t miss the Runner Tracks article detailing the history and evolution of the DN mast. Link here.

by Deb Whitehorse | Sep 1, 2024

Photo left from Dutch A Division Catamaran Facebook page. Photo right from 2021 DN Nationals by Gretchen Dorian. Chris Berger US5166

As we approach the upcoming ice sailing season, there’s plenty to share about what’s been happening in the DN class over the summer. From cutting-edge developments in other sailing classes inspired by DN rigging to exciting news from the America’s Cup and the growth of our youth programs, this summer has been anything but quiet.

DN Influence on A Class Catamaran Masts The A Class catamaran community is embracing innovation inspired by iceboating, as seen in the recent Dutch Nationals. Photos from the event, shared on the Dutch A Division Catamaran Association Facebook page, highlight the “DN-mast” fitted on the DNA F1X catamarans of Mischa Heemskerk and Pieterjan Dwarshuis. Pieterjan commented on this groundbreaking rig:

“Without any doubt the future for the foiling A’s. More automatic, easier to handle, more stable to foil, and faster—just like the DN rig. The tuning process is still a challenge, but this innovation will make foilers easier, safer, and more fun.”

This DN-inspired mast design, which ditches traditional diamonds and spreaders for lowers, is being hailed as the future of foiling A Cats. As the tuning evolves, we may soon see these rigs making waves in the A Class World Championships which take place September 7 – 14 in Punta Ala, Italy.

DN Class Ties to the America’s Cup The America’s Cup is in full swing, and we have a special connection to the action this year. Maxime Bachelin , helming for the Swiss team Alinghi Red Bull Racing, has deep roots in the DN class. His father, Pierre Bachelin Z25, has been an active DN sailor for many years, competing in North America multiple times. Meanwhile, in the Youth America’s Cup , Fontana, WI sailors Harry Melges IV, Kyle Navin, and Finn Rowe— who all have DN seat time and sail Nites —also represent the USA. Ice sailing has helped shape these sailors into the top competitors they are today.

Junior Sailing: Building the Future of Ice Sailing Our North American Junior Sailing Director, Sam Bartel US1011, has been busy fostering the next generation of DN sailors this summer in Minnesota. Sam shared some great photos of junior sailors hard at work making their runner planks and learning valuable skills that will serve them well in the future.

Eight Bells: Remembering Mike Madge, DN Sailor, and Ice Sailing Advocate

by Deb Whitehorse | Aug 3, 2024

His enthusiasm helped introduce many to ice sailing in Thunder Bay. Beyond his local efforts, Mike was also known for his excellent YouTube interviews, where he engaged with the rock stars of DN sailing. He asked insightful questions, providing a platform for these sailors to share their experiences and knowledge, which enriched the ice sailing community worldwide.

Mike’s contributions to the DN class and spirit will be greatly missed. Our heartfelt condolences go out to Mike’s family during this difficult time. Rest in peace, Mike Madge.

YouTube Videos Oskar Svensson – the 18 year old future of Ice Yachting Ron Sherry – Back up to Full Speed in the DN Ice Yacht 3x DN World Champion Matt Struble: Get your DN Ice Yacht up to race pace

Remembering Stan Macur

by Deb Whitehorse | Jul 22, 2024

Stan walking out to start a World Championship Gold Fleet race.

It is with deep sadness that we learned of the passing of Polish ice sailing legend Stan Macur. Stan played a crucial role in the international ice sailing community, shaping the sport for future generations of sailors.

For 20 years, Stan served as the IDNIYRA European Junior Sailing Director. His contributions to the sport went beyond his administrative roles. As a competitor, Stan was formidable, placing third in the World Championships three times, securing second place in the North Americans, and winning the European Championship in 1993.

Stan’s tools of the trade, his loud hailer and horn.

His generosity also marks Stan’s legacy. Pete Johns shared his story about meeting Stan for the first time at a regatta on Hamilton Bay in Canada, before the Iron Curtain fell. Stan, touring with Russian minders, struck up a friendship with Pete and promised to build a boat for him so that Pete could compete in Europe at the next World Championship. Pete never heard from Stan during the year and didn’t know he’d have a DN waiting for him at the Worlds. Despite the communication challenges of the time, Stan kept his word. When Pete arrived in Europe, he found that Stan had built and set up a boat for him, helping him place well in the regatta. This gesture marked the beginning of a lifelong friendship between the two sailors.

Stan served as the Principal Race Officer (PRO) for many DN World Championships in Europe, where his signature battered horn would signal the start of each race.

The ice sailing community has lost a giant in Stan Macur. His legacy will continue to inspire future generations of ice sailors. The IDNIYRA extends our sympathies to Stan’s family and the Polish DN Association. The worldwide ice-sailing community will miss him.

Stan’s Obituary: To our deepest sadness, Stan Macur P-111, a Polish iceboater and a multimedalist of ice-sailing regatta on both national and international level, passed away on July 19th 2024. Stan started his sailing adventure in his teenage years. When he discovered ice-sailing, it became his life passion. Already as a junior, he won senior Polish DN Championships in 1972. Then he achieved many more successes in ice-sailing, among which there were three bronze medals in DN World Championships and a golden medal in DN European Championships in 1993. For most of his sailing career he represented the AZS Olsztyn sailing club. After finishing his career as a competitor, he devoted himself to work for the ice-sailing community, which included being a board member of IDNYIRA-Europe and leading the Professional Race Committee that conducts the main ice-sailing events: DN World and European Championships. Stan also tried to spread his passion for ice-sailing to young people. For many years he was the IDNYIRA-Europe Junior Programme Manager and also worked as a trainer. His professional life was also connected to sailing, as he constructed boats and other sailing equipment. Even though ice-sailing was his life passion, he was first of all devoted to his family and friends. He valued time spent together and his closest ones -wife Joanna and daughters Kasia, Julia and Sylwia; could always count on him. Stan, thank you for all your contributions. We will miss you a lot. The funeral will be held on July 27th 2024 in Olsztyn, starting at 12 pm in St. Francis Church (Olsztyn/Kortowo), and then at the Communal Cementery Poprzeczna in Olsztyn.

2025 International Rank List Published

by Deb Whitehorse | Jul 10, 2024

2024 World Championship Opening Ceremony on the Baltic Sea in Parnu, Estonia.

The daylight hours are slowly getting shorter which means the ice sailing season will soon be upon us. The 2025 IDNIYRA Rank List has been published. See it here. You can also see it on the DN World Portal here . The rank list is used to seed regatta fleets at continental events. Thanks to Ann Foeller for her assistance.

2025 CONTINENTAL RANKING REGATTA SCHEDULE

• 2025 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP & NORTH AMERICAN CHAMPIONSHIP Date:  February 2 – 8, 2025 Host:  Central Region
• 2025 EUROPEAN CHAMPIONSHIP Date:  February 22 – March 1 Host: DN Finland

From the IDNIYRA Regatta Management Agreement (RMA) 14. DN Split Fleet Ranking

The Continental Secretaries shall maintain a fleet ranking. This ranking shall be updated yearly and shall be published by October 15 using regatta results from the previous two GCs (Gold Cup), NACs (North American Championships), and ECs (European Championships). This ranking shall be the lessor of the following:

• Best finish in the Gold fleet in the previous two World Championships, North American Championships, and European Championships. • 22 plus your best finish in the Silver fleet in the previous two WCs, NACs, and ECs. • 40 plus your best finish in the Bronze fleet in the previous two WCs, NACs, and ECs. • 58 plus your best finish in the Aluminum fleet in the previous two WCs, NACs, and ECs. In the event of equal ranking for more than one sailor, the ranking which is based on the most recent race result will be considered higher.

CURRENT CONTINENTAL RANKING REGATTAS 2023 World Championship 2023 North American Championship 2023 European Championship 2024 World Championship 2024 European Championship 2024 North American Championship

All corrections must be submitted to the respective Continental Secretary by November 15. The list will be final on December 1.

Questions about your rank? Please email  [email protected]

Election Results & Toledo Ice Yacht Club Members Win Mills

by Deb Whitehorse | Jun 11, 2024

Toledo Ice Yacht Club members pressed the fun and speed pedal, winning the 100th Mills Trophy Race, winning 1st in class and 1st overall.

Thank you to all who participated in voting and helped shape the leadership of our class. Your officers are committed to serving the DN community and ensuring a successful season ahead. Link to results Election Results for 2024 IDNIYRA Spring Ballot

Commodore David Frost US5358 ************************************** Option Votes Percentage Yes – I approve the candidate 80 100.00% No – I reject the candidate 0 0% Votes tallied: 80 Abstentions: 1

Vice Commodore Rob Holman US3705 ****************************************** Option Votes Percentage Yes – I approve the candidate 79 100.00% No – I reject the candidate 0 0%Votes tallied: 79 Abstentions: 2

Secretary Deb Whitehorse US2366 ***************************************** Option Votes Percentage Yes – I approve the candidate 79 97.53% No – I reject the candidate 2 2.47% Votes tallied: 81 Abstentions: 0

Treasurer Deb Whitehorse US2366 ***************************************** Option Votes Percentage Yes – I approve the candidate 79 97.53% No – I reject the candidate 2 2.47% Votes tallied: 81 Abstentions: 0

Past Commodore Robert Cummins US3433 ********************************************** Candidate Votes Percentage Yes, I approve the candidate 76 96.20% No, I reject the candidate 0 0% Warren Nethercote 1 1.27% John Harper 2 2.53% Votes tallied: 79 Abstentions: 2

The Ice Men Winneth Toledo Ice Yacht Club Sailors Win Historic Mills Trophy Race

DN Class Updates: Specifications Rewrite, Elections, and 2025 Regatta Planning

by Deb Whitehorse | May 30, 2024

Specifications Rewrite In the fall of 2023, our class voted and approved a comprehensive rewrite of the Specifications, specifically focusing on sections A (Fuselage) and B (Runner Plank). The proposal from the Technical Committee is effective on May 31, 2024.

The main goals of the rewrite were to: 1. Incorporate the Interpretations into Official Specifications. 2. Rewrite for more user-friendly wording. 3. Enrich each section with a measurement guide and measurement drawings. 4. Consolidate fragmented sections. 5. Eliminate loopholes and grey areas by providing more precise definitions. 6. Maintain the existing specifications. (See Runner Tracks September 2022 for more information.)

The online yearbooks on idniyra.org and dniceboat.org have been updated to reflect these changes. Additionally, the specifications pages on the DN world portal (dniceboat.org) have been updated. The new drawings look fantastic online and serve as a valuable resource for our members. Links: 2024 IDNIYRA Yearbook Second Edition DN World Portal Specifications A. Fuselage:  DN World Portal: Specifications B. Runner Plank

North American Officer Election Please remember to participate in the North American Officer election. The election closes on June 9, so be sure to cast your vote before the deadline. More information here.

2025 Regatta Planning We are already looking ahead to the regattas in 2025. The North American Central Region, under the leadership of Rear Commodore Peter Johanson US5633, will be hosting the IDNIYRA World Championship from February 2 to 8. Additionally, the IDNIYRA European Championship is scheduled for February 22 to March 1 and will be hosted by DN Finland.

New European Commodore Congratulations to John Winquist L601 on his recent election as the new IDNIYRA European Commodore at the European Secretaries Meeting. We look forward to his leadership and contributions to the DN community. Many thanks to outgoing Commodore Mihkel Kosk C45 for his service to the class.

Thank you for your continued support and engagement with our class. Let’s look forward to an exciting season ahead!

Notice of Electronic Ballot

by Deb Whitehorse | May 19, 2024

Runner Tracks Newsletter May 2024

by Deb Whitehorse | May 7, 2024

Get ready for the latest edition of Runner Tracks, which marks the end of another season. Featuring an incredible cover shot captured by Swiss photographer Gilles Morelle during the 2024 Worlds in Parnu, Estonia. Whether you are an experienced ice boater or a newcomer, Runner Tracks is the ultimate resource for everything related to ice boating. Check out the complete  online library here.

RUNNER TRACKS IS AVAILABLE IN THREE DIFFERENT FORMATS: Flipbook Magazine Download pdf fil e (best for tablets) Download single page pdf (best for phones)

• Thoughts on Measurement & Building Tolerances by Warren Nethercote
• 2024 North American Championship Recap by Mike Bloom and Karen Binder
• Adventures in Iceboating – 2024 North Americans by Ron Sherry
• Regatta Results

We’d Like to Thank Our Sponsors

• Composite Concepts
• Red Wolf – DN-Parts.com
• Moore Brother Company/CSI Composite Solutions
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“Canadians Best Ever at DN NAs” – Sailing in Canada

by Deb Whitehorse | Mar 22, 2024

John Curtis KC5514 and Jacek Marzenski KC5247 at the 2024 DN World Championship, Parnu, Estonia.

Great write up about the North Americans from John Curtis and André Baby.

By John Curtis Earlier this month, Canadian DN Sailors journeyed to Wisconsin and made a very strong showing at the DN North Americans finishing four boats in the top ten. Over the past 4-5 years a keen group of sailors from Montreal and Kingston have been quietly honing their skills at the oldest form of competitive sailing – Iceboat racing. Continue reading.

THE DN ICE YACHT

The DN is most popular iceboat in the world. Whether you are a racer or cruiser, your $25 membership in the IDNIYRA helps to promote the art and skill of DN ice yacht construction and the sport of ice yachting on all the hard waters of the world.

2025 REGATTA DATES

• World & North American Championship Feb 2 – 8
• European Championship Feb 22 – March 1    idniyra.eu
• See full list of regatta dates here.

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• September 20, 2024: Fiberglass Iceboat in Canada September 20, 2024

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• Runner Tracks Newsletter September 2024 – DN North America September 12, 2024

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Understanding Design of Ice Class Ships

As we all are aware, a special type of ships is used for icy water regions. A general name, which is commonly used for such ships is “Icebreakers”.

However, not all ice-plying vessels are icebreakers , some are termed as ‘ice-class’ or ‘polar-class’ vessels .

Let’s have a brief insight into the technicalities of this type of vessels and also delve into their subtle differences and similarities.

Icebreakers Vs. Ice Class Ships

Icebreakers are special-purpose vessels designated for breaking ice floes, sheets, and piles in cold climates where the water is mainly icy.

They may be suited explicitly for icebreaking operations or for other special purposes.

On the other hand, ice-class ships are usually general-purpose design ships with an additional level of strengthening and arrangements for navigation and sustenance in ice.

The rules and guidelines incorporated for the construction and construed for classification are known as the “Ice Class” Rules.

Related Read:  5 Important Points for Ice Navigation of Ships

But before delving deeper into the technical and construction aspects of these ships, let us briefly have an insight into the ice environment and the physics of the behaviour of ice with such vessels.

Environment and Climate Change – An Important Factor For Ice Classed Ships

Though during wintry months, many of the sea routes in the temperate and frigid zones get laden with ice cover, a lion’ share of ice cover is concentrated in the polar regions, i.e. the Arctic and the Antarctic.

As per a recent study data, the ice cover extents of the Arctic and Antarctic are 5.1*10 6 km 2  and 18.2 km 2 respectively. Due to Global Warming and climate change , this ice cover extents are gradually dwindling.

Apart from the ubiquitous problems of flooding, loss of vegetation or drastic climate change, this issue poses other problems as well. The broken ice floats farther as icebergs, sheets or floes and has a crucial effect on the navigational traffic of related seas. Worth mentioning, accidents as well due to collision damage with icebergs or icecaps. Remember Titanic ?

Related Read:  10 Ships Sunk By Accident with Iceberg

Thus, the implications of icing have an indispensable presence in the guidelines and regulations of designated vessels for such areas. But first, let us have a brief and simple discussion related to ship-ice interaction.

Ice, as we know can be of various types such as floes, sheets, bergs or brash ice. Moreover, they differ in their physics, behaviour, strength, and stability. This consequently can have a varied impact on their interaction with vessels and other structures.

Types of Ice

To sum up, broadly there can be the following types of ice commonly found in the sea:

Other types do exist, but these are mainly considered in the interest of ice-plying vessels and are related to these principal types only in some way or the other.

Pack ice is large chunks of floating ice triggered from larger ice forms or masses covering a large section of water.

Frazil ice is like ice flakes or needles suspended in water. They have an insignificant effect on vessels but may be considered for resistance and abrasive effects onto the hull.

Brash ice is in the form of loosened fragments, basically, like a wreckage of bigger forms of floating ice lesser than 3 metres thick and 2-metre diameter.

Floes are basically flat pieces of ice sheets spread over a vast expanse with small variations in thickness. They too are larger break-offs from pack ice.

Cake ice , as depicted from the name are circular pieces of ice with a certain thickness welling up from the mean sea level.

Fast ice is harder forms of ice, which generally remain attached to the shore or ice wall. They are often dictated by surrounding sea level and may replenish themselves over years.

The age of ice is a foremost factor. Here too, they may be classified into  following main kinds of heads:

• New ice and young ice
• First-year ice

New ice is formed as a result of the recent freezing of seawater. They have less thickness (up to 10 cm) and do not pose hazardous ice loads on ships. But they are never to be neglected in ice-class designs. They include frazil ice, brash ice or cakes.

Young ice is slightly harder and thicker (10 cm-30 cm). If they survive up to one year, they may thicken into First Year Ice .

If a pack of ice survives multiple melting seasons, they may accrue into a harder form. This is the multi-year ice. Another factor is the size of ice. The expanse of an ice cover varies from sporadic free-floating pieces to large packs and ridges.

Ridges are said to be the thickest sea ice features and account for half of the total ice volume. They are mount-like features formed as a result of continued stress, convergence and collision between two successive ice covers.

Found gradually on the sea ice boundaries, they consist of layers of ice rubble and floes piled up above and below the waterline. The part below the waterline is generally larger in size as compared to the part above.

Nonetheless, all forms of ice pose threat in varying degrees to vessels plying on icy waters and needs to be taken care of.  So, in the design regulations of these vessels, several factors are taken into consideration, such as:

• The expanse of ice cover
• Level ice thickness
• Sea and air temperatures
• Age of ice cover, as described above

Related Read: How the Ice Melting in the Arctic has Affected the Shipping Industry?

Ship Design For Ice 

When we consider ships plying in icy waters, we consider various implications of the weather conditions persisting in that region. This may be divided as:

• The structural consideration, which is the foremost aspect as it involves designing and strengthening of the hull for negotiating with ice en route
• Machinery, systems, and equipment, which must operate in sub-zero temperatures
• Freezing of deck and superstructure
• Visibility issues

Related Read:  What to Do When the Ship is Moving towards Sub Zero Temperature Area?

Prior to speculating these aspects, let us first look into the fundamentals of ice loads.

What are ice loads on ships?

Like traditional hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads, the ice too poses high modulus of forces onto the hull as obvious. Moreover, ice being in a solid-state and having varied sizes and features can cause damage to the hull if unattended. So, vessels plying in icy regions have different build specifications taken into account.

Now, think of this? When a ship encounters ice, any or a combination of the following may occur:

• The vessel may ram or stave through the ice
• The vessel may drift the ice sidewards if given suffice space and low interaction forces
• The vessel may climb the ice and press it downwards by the virtue of its weight
• The vessel may shear through the ice, breaking it into smaller fragments henceforth.

Related Read: What To Do When A Ship Is “Beset”?

As the age, formation, and size of ice in a particular geographic region are multi-variant, the vessel must be structurally and functionally capable of withstanding all plausible types of ice conditions. Apart from the main hull, the propeller and rudder along with appendages (if any) must be capable of enduring ice interactions without compromising the required design performance of the vessel.

Continuing our discussion with icing loads, we can look into 3 crucial aspects of ice loads. They are:

• Physically encountered ice conditions
• Statistics of ice loads
• Mechanics of ice loads

While the encountered ice conditions deal with the physical properties, distributions, occurrences, and variations of ice, the statistics include dealing with statistical data of climates and icing.

Mechanics is the end result of these as they directly dictate the extent of design philosophies incorporated into a vessel enduring such conditions.

Now, when we contemplate about vessels plying in ice, the most crucial thing that logically comes to the mind is the need for strengthening. This is obviously true.

Classification regulations for strength are incorporated in all sorts of such vessels in varying degrees. From the design point of view, some other alterations are also made depending on the type of vessel and its utility.

In the next article, we will continue our discussion with these aspects as well as ideas on classification for ice.

You might also like to read:

Design And Construction Of Ice Class Ships – Part 2

Design And Construction Of Ice Class Ships – Part -1 

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About Author

Subhodeep is a Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering graduate. Interested in the intricacies of marine structures and goal-based design aspects, he is dedicated to sharing and propagation of common technical knowledge within this sector, which, at this very moment, requires a turnabout to flourish back to its old glory.

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What does ice yacht mean?

Definitions for ice yacht ice yacht, this dictionary definitions page includes all the possible meanings, example usage and translations of the word ice yacht ., princeton's wordnet rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes.

iceboat, ice yacht, scooter noun

a sailing vessel with runners and a cross-shaped frame; suitable for traveling over ice

Wiktionary Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes

• ice yacht noun

A craft, in the broad shape of a yacht, fitted with skis or runners so as to sail on the ice.

Wikipedia Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes

An iceboat (occasionally spelled ice boat or traditionally called an ice yacht) is a recreational or competition sailing craft supported on metal runners for traveling over ice. One of the runners is steerable. Originally, such craft were boats with a support structure, riding on the runners and steered with a rear blade, as with a conventional rudder. As iceboats evolved, the structure became a frame with a seat or cockpit for the iceboat sailor, resting on runners. Steering was shifted to the front. Because of their low resistance to forward motion over ice, iceboats are capable of speeds exceeding 60 miles per hour (100 km/h). Because of their speed, iceboats are used both for recreation and for racing. Racing craft typically carry one person. A related activity, land sailing, employs sailing craft similar to iceboats, but riding on wheels instead of runners.

ChatGPT Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votes

An ice yacht is a type of vehicle primarily used for travelling or racing over frozen surfaces. Its design typically comprises a wooden-framed, metal-runnered sled that includes a mast to hold a sail which uses wind power for propulsion. Ice yachts can achieve high speeds and are used for both sport and recreational activities on frozen lakes and rivers during the winter season.

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How to pronounce ice yacht.

Alex US English David US English Mark US English Daniel British Libby British Mia British Karen Australian Hayley Australian Natasha Australian Veena Indian Priya Indian Neerja Indian Zira US English Oliver British Wendy British Fred US English Tessa South African

How to say ice yacht in sign language?

Chaldean Numerology

The numerical value of ice yacht in Chaldean Numerology is: 5

Pythagorean Numerology

The numerical value of ice yacht in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2

• ^  Princeton's WordNet http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=ice yacht
• ^  Wiktionary https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ice_Yacht
• ^  Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Yacht
• ^  ChatGPT https://chat.openai.com

Translations for ice yacht

From our multilingual translation dictionary.

• jääpursi Finnish
• jégvitorlás Hungarian

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