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Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles Definitely Celebrated New Year's Eve Together

There's an old saying — or one that's as old as season two of The OC — that the way you spend New Year's Eve is how you'll spend the whole year. If there's any truth to that, and there's always truth to The OC , 2016 is going to be the year of #Hendall.

Harry Styles and Kendall Jenner celebrated the last day of the year together on a luxury yacht in St Barth's.

They giggled.

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They whispered sweet nothings. ("I missed you this much." — Harry, probably.)

They wore jaunty hats...

...and matching circle-framed sunglasses.

They bathed in the sun sharing a single lounge chair. (Apparently no matter how luxury the yacht was, there was a shortage of lounge chairs.)

And they brought both of their mothers along for the fun.

Now that's a midnight toast we'd like to see. Where's the long-lens paparazzi when you really need them? (Just kidding, invasion of privacy is bad but witnessing Kendall, Harry, Kris Jenner, and Anne Twist ring in the New Year would be so, so good.)

RELATED: Harry Styles and Kendall Jenner Are Reportedly Spending New Year's Together

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Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles Just Put Those Romance Rumors Into Overdrive

The romance rumors between Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles are heating up! After causing a frenzy with their recent dinner date in Anguilla on Tuesday night, the two are at it again. The pair looked more than cozy as they soaked up the sun on a yacht together in St. Barts on Thursday. Kendall showed off her fit figure in a bikini while Harry wrapped himself in a towel, and after taking a dip, Harry playfully pulled on Kendall's leg as she tried to climb back onto the boat. They then snuck away to a deck chair and appeared to be cuddling and kissing.

The two were rumored to be dating back in 2013 after stepping out with each other on numerous occasions but never officially confirmed anything. Could it be that the pair is rekindling their supposed romance? See the pictures from their outing here, and then let Harry serenade you with his perfect New Year's Eve performance . Tall

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Kendall Jenner, Harry Styles Fuel Romance Rumors, Soak Up the Sun on a Yacht: Pictures

The model, 20, and the One Direction singer, 21, looked cozy as they soaked up the sun. Jenner showed off her runway-ready body in a bikini, while Styles shielded his shirtless torso under a towel.

Related: PHOTOS: The biggest boy bands ever

Earlier in the week, the Keeping Up With the Kardashians star was spotted dining with the boy-bander in Anguilla. The duo, who were first linked back in 2013, hit up a restaurant together on Tuesday, December 29.

A source tells Us Weekly the exes are “hooking up again” now that Styles — who also dated Jenner pal Taylor Swift — has some time off from 1D. Adds another insider: “Now that he has a little hiatus and is on vacation, this is him trying to win her back, and it appears to be working.”

The second source notes that while Styles was the one to call it quits back in 2014, he was drawn back after seeing her in the Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show. “All of his friends were saying how hot and amazing she looked,” the source tells Us.

Related: PHOTOS: Kendall rocks the runway

In any case, both seem to be enjoying the R&R — and Jenner in particular could use it. In a recent post on her app and website, she revealed that she was recently hospitalized for exhaustion, and that she was making a conscious effort to relax in the new year.

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“I guess my resolution would be to chill out more and have the ability to be a little more spontaneous,” she shared. “No matter what, 2016 is going to be the best yet. I can feel it!”

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Serious Question: Why Are We Obsessed With Yacht PDA?

After Aperol Spritzing through Tuscany, Harry Styles and Olivia Wilde surfaced on a yacht this week. They kissed; they nuzzled; they possibly danced (or, alternate theory, simply clung to each other for balance). The couple, who met on the set of Wilde’s second directorial effort, Don’t Worry, Darling , even left their big boat so that an artfully mustachioed Styles could captain a smaller vessel through glittering Mediterranean waters. In my estimation, the Styles fandom lost at least a full afternoon’s worth of productivity to a forensic examination of this photo set. All I could think, to quote Courteney Cox in Scream 2 , was: It’s happening again .

After all, it’s July, also known as yacht season, an annual micro-season within summer in which super-celebrities and moguls embark on luxe floating vacations, often with sparkling, sexual overtones. Styles and Wilde join a long, storied tradition (one well documented on many episodes of The Ringer’s Jam Session podcast ) that includes Styles himself and Kendall Jenner, along with both of their mothers, off the coast of St. Barts in 2016. Beyoncé has been known to yacht dive from great heights (once from an aptly titled rental yacht named the Halo) on yachting jaunts with Jay-Z to Capri and Croatia. In 2019, Timothée Chalamet and Lily-Rose Depp ardently made out aboard a yacht off Capri, as Italy is the unofficial global epicenter of yacht season. After two terms in the White House, Barack and Michelle Obama decamped to David Geffen’s superyacht , the Rising Sun (or as he prefers, “R.S.”) in Tahiti, which is how we’d all decompress after eight years of Mitch McConnell if we could. 

It must be said that while the appetite and voyeurism for yacht-season photo evidence is strong, there are also persistent ethical questions about breaches of privacy. Yachts are at once one of the only places celebrities can be entirely alone—save for the prying eyes of long-lens paparazzi. And yet couples sunning and smooching are often accused of doing it for publicity, a murmur that Chalamet, for one, denied. In an interview with GQ , he recalled “waking up to all these pictures, and feeling embarrassed, and looking like a real nob .... And then people are like, ‘This is a P.R. stunt.’ A P.R. stunt ?! Do you think I’d want to look like that in front of all of you ?!”

There is something endlessly fascinating about yacht PDA, as well as platonic group yacht vacays (see: Oprah and Gayle King aboard the R.S. , on which Geffen notoriously quarantined) . Much of modern celebrity culture, from the aughties zenith of Us Weekly to the present, is predicated on a kind of imagined relatability. Stars—at least occasionally—are like us. They go to Starbucks, sometimes wearing Juicy jumpsuits. They walk their dogs. But most spectators will never find themselves lolling starboard, à la Styles and Wilde, on a yacht near Monte Argentario. It’s like glimpsing a Gatsby party from the other side of the Long Island Sound—not easy to look away. Of course, yacht-watching can border on grotesque. Amazon employees had to fight hard for their $15-per-hour rate; meanwhile, Jeff Bezos’s $500 million superyacht comes with a support yacht complete with its own helipad.

With the rise of Bennifer 2.0 , I can’t not think about the scenes from the now vintage “Jenny From the Block” video in which Affleck, in all of his pompadoured glory, caresses Lopez’s bikini bottom sur la mer . It was a bit of celebrity satire—a nod from two celebrities who never fail to feed the beast. In the spirit of second chances, here’s hoping for the real thing in 2021. 

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Harry Styles and Kendall Jenner Spending New Year’s on Ellen’s Yacht Doesn’t Mean They’re Dating

Whatever you did for New Year’s—however raucous and well-attended your party was, however thrilling it was to stand with a million other people as 2016 descended upon Times Square—it cannot compare to how Harry Styles and Kendall Jenner, two young people of impossible beauty and wealth, spent their holiday. Because they were on a yacht in St. Barth’s with Ellen DeGeneres and Portia de Rossi for at least part of it. You can’t beat that, can you? Don’t even bother trying to compare! Seeing the wonder in your child’s eyes as he or she, finally old enough to stay up until midnight, first realized the bittersweet cheer of time groaning on? Nope, not as good as a yacht in St. Barth’s. A romantic evening with a special somebody, all fluttery with champagne and possibility, when it began to feel like you maybe want to spend every coming year twined up together, until the end of it all? Sorry, did you hear the part about Ellen?

So, Harry Styles and Kendall Jenner had a pretty great New Year’s. But! Their being on that yacht together: What does that mean ? Are they an item? Naturally, photos of the pair on this fabled yacht have been swirling around the Internet for a few days now, like leftover confetti in the wind, and have set people speculating. For good enough reason. In the photos, Styles and Jenner seem to share a certain intimacy, a familiarity, that could suggest a romantic relationship. But! Let’s not get ahead of ourselves, as we always tend to do.

People magazine, probably as reliable an outlet for truth in these matters as exists these days, quotes a source who says that this was just a friendly trip to Ellen’s yacht. “Harry also vacationed with friends, so it wasn't just a romantic vacation for Harry and Kendall,” the source tells the magazine, which traces Styles and Kendall’s friendship to a meeting two years ago. Apparently Styles did invite Jenner on the New Year’s vacation, she flying in from Los Angeles, but that doesn’t necessarily mean anything. Just because you invite someone to hang out on Ellen and Portia’s yacht off the coast of an exclusive, celebrity-filled Caribbean island for New Year’s doesn’t mean you want to date them.

Maybe this was just a friendly hang. Why a middle-aged married couple was hanging out with a 21-year-old boy-band member and a 20-year-old socialite/model on a yacht over New Year’s is really anyone’s guess. But if People ’s source is to be believed, we at least know that there was no hanky-panky going on between the boy-bander and the socialite/model. Or, at least, that hanky-panky wasn’t the express purpose of the trip. Hanky-panky may have occurred—the source does not strictly say that it didn’t—but whatever did or didn’t happen, this was not intended, solely, to be a romantic getaway.

That’s what we know at the moment. From our pitiful remove, anyway. As we stare longingly through our super-binoculars, spying on these happy angels from all the way up here in the frigid north. These pretty and fabulous young people frolic in the realms of mystery, their hearts and minds unknown to us chattering nobodies, their bodies warmed by a fuller, kinder sun than what shines its dim rays on us. Maybe up close everything makes sense—in proximity, it’s clear just where Harry and Kendall stand in relation to one another. But we’ll probably never know that closeness. Not most of us, anyway. So we guess on, like yachts against the current, borne back ceaselessly into our caste.

Kendall Jenner, Amy Schumer, and More: The 2015 “It Girls”

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Kendall jenner & harry styles -- all hands on deck (photos), kendall jenner & harry styles all hands on deck.

Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles became extra familiar with each other on a luxury yacht in St. Barts.

The two were spotted Wednesday getting handsy after reports surfaced they'd been vacationing together in Anguilla the night before.

It's unclear if the two are "officially official" but judging by the pics, the 20-year-old supermodel and 21-year old pop star certainly have no problem packing on the PDA.

Anchor's aweigh.

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Harry Styles And Kendall Jenner Had A Very Revealing Dinner Date

Off a yacht and into the deep end, because Harry Styles and Kendall Jenner had a dinner date and went in on disclosing some home truths.

Taking over from James Corden to play host on the Late Late Show , Harry invited his long-time pal Kendall to have a second swing at the show's “Spill Your Guts” feature, which sees contestants having to answer some invasive, all-revealing questions or eating some obscure delicacies like salmon smoothie or the I' m A Celeb -style animal genitalia.

Naturally, conversation quickly turned to the pair's pre-existing relationship with Kendall asking the question — as written by the show's producers — “Which songs on your last album were about me?”

Harry evidently did not see the question coming and hid his face in his manicured hands immediately, before tucking a napkin in his Gucci collar and gnawing down on some cod sperm. “What are we doing?” he laughed as he struggled with the forfeit.

Read More: We’ve Listened To Harry Styles’s ‘Fine Line’ Album And This Is What You Need To Know

Other awkward questions that saw the pair reaching for the plate and not giving the truth was Harry asking Kendall: “You're the highest paid supermodel in the world, who is the most unlikeable supermodel in the world?” Ever the professional, Kendall admitted that she has the answer but avoided sharing it and immediately sipped at her unpalatable salmon smoothie. Next, Kendall went on to ask Harry to rank the music of his One Direction peers’ solo efforts but the 25-year-old musician instead opted to chew down on a giant water scorpion.

With their tête-à-tête complete, the pair headed over to the Late Late Show sofa to be joined by Tracee Ellis-Ross to continue the question time. As host, Harry led the conversation and produced a photograph of Kendall in her teenage years holding a One Direction sign and demanded context on the photograph, with the 23-year-old model admitting that she had been “asked” to make the sign, rather than having made it off her own back as a serious Directioner. Okay Kendall, if you insist.

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Never Forget Harry Styles and Kendall Jenner’s PDA-Filled Yacht Vacation

There’s a reason why Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles ‘ joint appearance on  The Late Late Show went so swimmingly. 

The singer filled in for  James Corden as a guest host on Tuesday’s episode, during which he and the  Keeping Up With the Kardashians  star played Spill Your Guts or Fill Your Guts . During the segment, Kendall agreed to rank her siblings according to their parenting skills, while Harry opted to consume cod sperm  rather than answer her question of which songs on his last album are about her.

Kendall, 24, and Harry, 25, go way back and have occasionally sparked dating rumors on and off since 2013. Over the New Year’s holiday in 2016, the two got cozy on a luxury yacht while vacationing together  in St. Barts. The two were also joined by Ellen DeGeneres  and wife  Portia De Rossi .

“Why are they a good match? Well, they’re both super hot, super great, sweet people,” Kendall’s sister Khloe Kardashian later told E! News . “And if I’m on a yacht in St. Barts if I’m—how old is she, 20? He’s 20?—hey, I ain’t mad at you, Kenny. Do your thing, girl!”

See photos from Kendall and Harry’s Caribbean vacation:

Getting Cozy

The two show some PDA a yacht in St. Barts.

Taking It Easy

The two enjoy some R&R.

Splash News

White Bikini

Kendall stunned in a white bikini.

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Seeing the Sights

The two gaze at the sea.

Getting Grabby

The  One Direction singer grabs the reality star’s foot playfully.

The reality star climbs aboard, with little help from the singer…

The reality star shows off her trim figure in a crimson two-piece.

The reality star adjusts her bikini top.

Covering Up

The reality star covers up in the wind.

Ellen & Portia

Ellen DeGeneres & Portia De Rossi join the reality star and  One Direction singer, who have sparked romance rumors for two years, for lunch on a yacht in St. Barts on New Year’s Day.

Weeks later, Kendall and Harry attended a private party  at the Troubadour rock club in West Hollywood with her mother Kris Jenner . The two appeared to cool things off for a few months. In April 2016, a source told E! News that they were “hanging out again,” but were not “officially dating.”

In January 2018, Kendall attended Harry’s concert in Los Angeles with friends and was spotted dancing and giving him a standing ovation .

This past May, the two rumored exes were all smiles as they  reunited at the 2019 Met Gala .

Watch  Keeping Up With the Kardashians on Sundays at 9/8c only on E!

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Spotted: Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles Getting Handsy on a Yacht

The most flirty exes you'll ever see.

Update, 12/31: Well, here's another clue Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles may be on something more than just a friendly, platonic vacation in the Caribbean. The two were photographed on a yacht together in St. Barts, being exceptionally handsy. Harry was shirtless; Kendall was in a bikini.  Daily Mail posted pics that included Harry grabbing Kendall's wrists and feet , Kendall resting her model legs on him, and the two gazing right at each other, faces oh-so very close .

The most suspiciously flirty exes, indeed . Kendall's face says everything...

12/30:  Way back in the late days of 2013, Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles were rumored to be dating…or, as Harry clarified  in an interview , were dating- ish : "I mean, we went out for dinner, but no, I guess."

Fast forward two years, and the two are getting dinner together agaaain , this time on the British island of Anguilla in the Caribbean, E! reports   with  exclusive photos of the date. A restaurant-goer also confirmed it happened yesterday evening:

Soooo, is this trip a friendly get-together or a secret romantic getaway? Unclear , but here are some clues: Kendall Jenner is now a highly coveted top model, with a New Year's resolution to "find a boyfriend, but it's not legit at all, lol." Harry Styles is on hiatus from his five-boy-turned-four-boy band One Direction and is  on the market . 

And elsewhere, Kendall's close friends Justin Bieber and Hailey Baldwin are also on vacation, deliberately blurring the lines between love and friendship, playing with our minds, etc.: 

Alyssa Bailey is the senior news and strategy editor at ELLE.com, where she oversees coverage of celebrities and royals (particularly Meghan Markle and Kate Middleton). She previously held positions at InStyle and Cosmopolitan. When she's not working, she loves running around Central Park, making people take #ootd pics of her, and exploring New York City.

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PICTURE EXCLUSIVE: Kendall Jenner can't hide her smile as she giggles with former beau Harry Styles while flaunting her model figure in a tiny green bikini on St Barts yacht trip

• The 20-year-old supermodel and One Direction bandmember, 21, boarded a luxury yacht in Saint Barthélemy on Wednesday ahead of New Year
• Previously spotted dining together on the  Caribbean  Island of Anguilla on Tuesday night 
• First rumoured to be dating back in 2013 when they were spotted enjoying a string of outings together 
• Kendall's model BFF Gigi Hadid, 20, is currently dating Harry's ex-bandmate Zayn Malik, 22
• See more of the latest exclusive pictures of Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles holidaying in St Barts

By Becky Freeth for MailOnline

Published: 12:33 EDT, 31 December 2015 | Updated: 13:40 EDT, 1 January 2016

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Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles have fuelled rumours of a reconciliation after they were pictured holidaying on a yacht in St Barts.

The bikini-clad Kardashian was seen giggling away as she chatted with the One Direction star during a trip on board a luxury yacht in St Barts on Wednesday.

Kendall, 20, and Harry, 21, were previously spotted by fans at a restaurant in idyllic Anguilla on Tuesday night, igniting speculation that they'd revisited their 2013 romance.

Scroll down for video 

Cuties: Kendall Jenner and Harry Style hung out on a boat in St Barts on Wednesday, sharing a giggly moment on the sofas just one day after being pictured in Anguilla on Tuesday night

Aboard the boat, Harry and Kendall put on a tactile display with the US reality TV star resting her ankles on the British popstar's shoulders at one time, as they chatted and giggled on the outdoor sofas.

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And Kendall looked sensational as ever as she flaunted her trim supermodel frame in a mint green bikini, topping off her swimwear with a baseball cap and a gold bodychain with matching bracelets.

The former rumoured couple were first seen enjoying a romantic dinner at Blanchards restaurant on another Caribbean Island, earlier this week, just days after Harry embarked on a hiatus from the chart-topping pop group. 

Holidaying: Boarding the boat to St Barts on Wednesday, the bikini-clad supermodel looked leggy in her green bikini as she prepared for an afternoon of watersports

The duo had moved along quickly to the neighbouring destination by luxury boat by Wednesday and seemed to enjoy a day of watersports and unwinding while out at sea. 

Bare-chested boyband hunk Harry similarly couldn't be missed with his array of distinctive tattoos covering his torso and his chestnut tresses pulled back into a trademark man bun. 

The high-profile pair were first rumoured to be dating back in 2013 when they were spotted enjoying a string of outings together.

Quite the display: Equally, barechested boyband hunk Harry couldn't be missed with his distinctive tattoos on show

Model body: The brunette showed off her impeccable form in the teeny weeny bikini aboard the boat

All aboard: Kendall and Harry are thought to be sticking together to see in 2016

In an interview with the band in the same year, dubbed 1D Day to promote third album Midnight Memories, Piers Morgan asked Harry: 'Are you dating Kendall Jenner, yes or no?'

The singer tentatively replied: 'I mean, we went out for dinner, but no. I guess.' 

Pushing for more, Piers continued: 'Did I hear in Los Angeles, a hot date? Budding romance?' while a flustered Harry responded: 'Dunno', before a male voice off-camera shouted 'move on! move on!' 

Super yacht: The singer and model were relaxing about this super yacht in St Barts

Playful: He appeared to hold her feet in the air at one point as she laughed it off

Close friends: She seemed to have her legs on his left shoulder as they mucked about

Giggles: She let out a laugh as he playfully caught a hold of the model's wrists

Having the time of their lives: The close pals clearly had each other in stitches

Keeping shaded: The duo wore suitably cool shades as they sat beside each other

Flirty: She seemed to be in a flirty mood and bit down on her lips as she talked to the boyband hunk

Touchy feely: The pair were tactile as they sat beside each other on the outdoor sofas

Prompting Harry to say: 'Yeah, let's move on shall we?'

Defending his probing, the journalist said: 'It's supposed to be tough questions.

'You're boring,' the unknown voice jokingly interjected.

But despite all the speculation, the pair never went on to officially announce a relationship, instead they insisted they were just friends. 

Though their romance was thought to be fleeting, they certainly seemed comfortable in each other's company on the holiday and flirted outrageously in the pictures.

Kendall bit down on her lip as Harry grabbed her by the wrists and rocked her back and forth. 

Relaxed: Kendall peeped from beneath a cap and perched her sunglasses on her nose

In shape: The brunette was engrossed in her phone as she leaned over the side to observe the scenary 

Whoosh: The girls made a break for the inside of the boat with Kendall swinging her arms to rush in at one point

Taking snaps: Kendall snapped away on a large camera to make holiday memories for the new year

The rumoured couple spent the day on the water, swimming and zipping about jet skis, before separately cooling off in the showers aboard the luxury liner. 

It's not also not a pure coincidence that the famous duo are catching up after so many years, because Kendall's model BFF Gigi Hadid, 20, is currently dating Harry's ex-bandmate Zayn Malik, 22.

Their circles have seemed to overlapped many times over the years, with Harry also previously being linked to their mutual pal Cara Delevingne in September 2013. 

Kendall's mother Kris Jenner has also been holidaying St Barts recently, while Harry's bandmates are in the UK enjoying the early throes of their new-found freedom.

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Daredevil: The model sped around on the water aboard a jetski, showing off her prowess

Cheeky monkey: From behind, the reality TV star showed off her impeccable shape in bikini bottoms

Splashing around: She cut up the waves with speed, looking like it wasn't her first time on the water

Taking a dip: Harry was seen having a swim later that afternoon, with his hair still tied back

Helping hand: The reality TV star is used to spending days on jet-skis on a luxury yachting holiday

Hand me a towel: The international star was handed a towel straight out of the star

Cute a collection: All of his tattoos, including one high up on his leg when his shorts were rolled up

In need: The boyband member has rarely been seen holidaying without his four bandmates

Taking a sip: Harry kept hydrated, perhaps in the spirit of ringing in a prosperous 2016

Chilling out: Harry was still bare-chested when he hung out with the group on the top deck

Making plans: He rubbed his hands together like he was making a plan for the night

Tapping away: She was engaged with her phone while Harry was elsewhere on the boat

Showing her shape: She mismatched her green bikini with red straps that tied up the back and hips

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Looking out to sea: Kendall and her friend were perhaps watching Harry when they peered over the edge

That's not a first: Kendall is regularly seen hitting the water on a jet ski during Kardashian family breaks

Looking cool: Harry was sporting a band T-shirt earlier in the day

Checking himself out? The star was seen peeping into a reflective window at his appearance

Forlorn: Kendall seemed pensive as she hid beneath her shades and baseball cap

Chatty chatty: The girls were engaged in conversation throughout the day

Plenty to chat about: The duo no doubt had plenty to catch up on following very busy years

Close contact: Though it may have looked like Kendall was leaning in, just was still in the midst of guffawing

Picture perfect: Kendall swanned around the luxury boat in just her bikini, looking effortless

Ready for the water: She kitted up but went barefoot for the water excursion

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YEKATERINBURG: FACTORIES, URAL SIGHTS, YELTSIN AND THE WHERE NICHOLAS II WAS KILLED

Sverdlovsk oblast.

Sverdlovsk Oblast is the largest region in the Urals; it lies in the foothills of mountains and contains a monument indicating the border between Europe and Asia. The region covers 194,800 square kilometers (75,200 square miles), is home to about 4.3 million people and has a population density of 22 people per square kilometer. About 83 percent of the population live in urban areas. Yekaterinburg is the capital and largest city, with 1.5 million people. For Russians, the Ural Mountains are closely associated with Pavel Bazhov's tales and known for folk crafts such as Kasli iron sculpture, Tagil painting, and copper embossing. Yekaterinburg is the birthplace of Russia’s iron and steel industry, taking advantage of the large iron deposits in the Ural mountains. The popular Silver Ring of the Urals tourist route starts here.

In the summer you can follow in the tracks of Yermak, climb relatively low Ural mountain peaks and look for boulders seemingly with human faces on them. You can head to the Gemstone Belt of the Ural mountains, which used to house emerald, amethyst and topaz mines. In the winter you can go ice fishing, ski and cross-country ski.

Sverdlovsk Oblast and Yekaterinburg are located near the center of Russia, at the crossroads between Europe and Asia and also the southern and northern parts of Russia. Winters are longer and colder than in western section of European Russia. Snowfalls can be heavy. Winter temperatures occasionally drop as low as - 40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) and the first snow usually falls in October. A heavy winter coat, long underwear and good boots are essential. Snow and ice make the sidewalks very slippery, so footwear with a good grip is important. Since the climate is very dry during the winter months, skin moisturizer plus lip balm are recommended. Be alert for mud on street surfaces when snow cover is melting (April-May). Patches of mud create slippery road conditions.

Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg (kilometer 1818 on the Trans-Siberian Railway) is the fourth largest city in Russia, with of 1.5 million and growth rate of about 12 percent, high for Russia. Located in the southern Ural mountains, it was founded by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine, it was used by the tsars as a summer retreat and is where tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed and President Boris Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career. The city is near the border between Europe and Asia.

Yekaterinburg (also spelled Ekaterinburg) is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains in the headwaters of the Iset and Pyshma Rivers. The Iset runs through the city center. Three ponds — Verkh-Isetsky, Gorodskoy and Nizhne-Isetsky — were created on it. Yekaterinburg has traditionally been a city of mining and was once the center of the mining industry of the Urals and Siberia. Yekaterinburg remains a major center of the Russian armaments industry and is sometimes called the "Pittsburgh of Russia.". A few ornate, pastel mansions and wide boulevards are reminders of the tsarist era. The city is large enough that it has its own Metro system but is characterized mostly by blocky Soviet-era apartment buildings. The city has advanced under President Vladimir Putin and is now one of the fastest growing places in Russia, a country otherwise characterized by population declines

Yekaterinburg is technically an Asian city as it lies 32 kilometers east of the continental divide between Europe and Asia. The unofficial capital of the Urals, a key region in the Russian heartland, it is second only to Moscow in terms of industrial production and capital of Sverdlovsk oblast. Among the important industries are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building and metalworking, chemical and petrochemicals, construction materials and medical, light and food industries. On top of being home of numerous heavy industries and mining concerns, Yekaterinburg is also a major center for industrial research and development and power engineering as well as home to numerous institutes of higher education, technical training, and scientific research. In addition, Yekaterinburg is the largest railway junction in Russia: the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through it, the southern, northern, western and eastern routes merge in the city.

Accommodation: There are two good and affordable hotels — the 3-star Emerald and Parus hotels — located close to the city's most popular landmarks and main transport interchanges in the center of Yekaterinburg. Room prices start at RUB 1,800 per night.

History of Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg was founded in 1723 by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine I. It was used by the tsars as a summer retreat but was mainly developed as metalworking and manufacturing center to take advantage of the large deposits of iron and other minerals in the Ural mountains. It is best known to Americans as the place where the last Tsar and his family were murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1918 and near where American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Gary Powers, was shot down in 1960.

Peter the Great recognized the importance of the iron and copper-rich Urals region for Imperial Russia's industrial and military development. In November 1723, he ordered the construction of a fortress factory and an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. In its early years Yekaterinburg grew rich from gold and other minerals and later coal. The Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745 created such a huge amount of wealth that one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. By the mid-18th century, metallurgical plants had sprung up across the Urals to cast cannons, swords, guns and other weapons to arm Russia’s expansionist ambitions. The Yekaterinburg mint produced most of Russia's coins. Explorations of the Trans-Baikal and Altai regions began here in the 18th century.

Iron, cast iron and copper were the main products. Even though Iron from the region went into the Eiffel Tower, the main plant in Yekaterinburg itself was shut down in 1808. The city still kept going through a mountain factory control system of the Urals. The first railway in the Urals was built here: in 1878, the Yekaterinburg-Perm railway branch connected the province's capital with the factories of the Middle Urals.

In the Soviet era the city was called Sverdlovsk (named after Yakov Sverdlov, the man who organized Nicholas II's execution). During the first five-year plans the city became industrial — old plants were reconstructed, new ones were built. The center of Yekaterinburg was formed to conform to the historical general plan of 1829 but was the layout was adjusted around plants and factories. In the Stalin era the city was a major gulag transhipment center. In World War II, many defense-related industries were moved here. It and the surrounding area were a center of the Soviet Union's military industrial complex. Soviet tanks, missiles and aircraft engines were made in the Urals. During the Cold War era, Yekaterinburg was a center of weapons-grade uranium enrichment and processing, warhead assembly and dismantlement. In 1979, 64 people died when anthrax leaked from a biological weapons facility. Yekaterinburg was a “Closed City” for 40 years during the Cold Soviet era and was not open to foreigners until 1991

In the early post-Soviet era, much like Pittsburgh in the 1970s, Yekaterinburg had a hard struggle d to cope with dramatic economic changes that have made its heavy industries uncompetitive on the world market. Huge defense plants struggled to survive and the city was notorious as an organized crime center in the 1990s, when its hometown boy Boris Yeltsin was President of Russia. By the 2000s, Yekaterinburg’s retail and service was taking off, the defense industry was reviving and it was attracting tech industries and investments related to the Urals’ natural resources. By the 2010s it was vying to host a world exhibition in 2020 (it lost, Dubai won) and it had McDonald’s, Subway, sushi restaurants, and Gucci, Chanel and Armani. There were Bentley and Ferrari dealerships but they closed down

Transportation in Yekaterinburg

Getting There: By Plane: Yekaterinburg is a three-hour flight from Moscow with prices starting at RUB 8,000, or a 3-hour flight from Saint Petersburg starting from RUB 9,422 (direct round-trip flight tickets for one adult passenger). There are also flights from Frankfurt, Istanbul, China and major cities in the former Soviet Union.

By Train: Yekaterinburg is a major stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Daily train service is available to Moscow and many other Russian cities.Yekaterinburg is a 32-hour train ride from Moscow (tickets RUB 8,380 and above) or a 36-hour train ride from Saint Petersburg (RUB 10,300 and above). The ticket prices are round trip for a berth in a sleeper compartment for one adult passenger). By Car: a car trip from Moscow to Yekateringburg is 1,787 kilometers long and takes about 18 hours. The road from Saint Petersburg is 2,294 kilometers and takes about 28 hours.

Regional Transport: The region's public transport includes buses and suburban electric trains. Regional trains provide transport to larger cities in the Ural region. Buses depart from Yekaterinburg’s two bus stations: the Southern Bus Station and the Northern Bus Station.

Regional Transport: According the to Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT): “Public transportation is well developed. Overcrowding is common. Fares are low. Service is efficient. Buses are the main form of public transport. Tram network is extensive. Fares are reasonable; service is regular. Trams are heavily used by residents, overcrowding is common. Purchase ticket after boarding. Metro runs from city center to Uralmash, an industrial area south of the city. Metro ends near the main railway station. Fares are inexpensive.

“Traffic is congested in city center. Getting around by car can be difficult. Route taxis (minivans) provide the fastest transport. They generally run on specific routes, but do not have specific stops. Drivers stop where passengers request. Route taxis can be hailed. Travel by bus or trolleybuses may be slow in rush hour. Trams are less affected by traffic jams. Trolley buses (electric buses) cannot run when temperatures drop below freezing.”

Entertainment, Sports and Recreation in Yekaterinburg

The performing arts in Yekaterinburg are first rate. The city has an excellent symphony orchestra, opera and ballet theater, and many other performing arts venues. Tickets are inexpensive. The Yekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theater is lavishly designed and richly decorated building in the city center of Yekaterinburg. The theater was established in 1912 and building was designed by architect Vladimir Semyonov and inspired by the Vienna Opera House and the Theater of Opera and Ballet in Odessa.

Vaynera Street is a pedestrian only shopping street in city center with restaurants, cafes and some bars. But otherwise Yekaterinburg's nightlife options are limited. There are a handful of expensive Western-style restaurants and bars, none of them that great. Nightclubs serve the city's nouveau riche clientele. Its casinos have closed down. Some of them had links with organized crime. New dance clubs have sprung up that are popular with Yekaterinburg's more affluent youth.

Yekaterinburg's most popular spectator sports are hockey, basketball, and soccer. There are stadiums and arenas that host all three that have fairly cheap tickets. There is an indoor water park and lots of parks and green spaces. The Urals have many lakes, forests and mountains are great for hiking, boating, berry and mushroom hunting, swimming and fishing. Winter sports include cross-country skiing and ice skating. Winter lasts about six months and there’s usually plenty of snow. The nearby Ural Mountains however are not very high and the downhill skiing opportunities are limited..

Sights in Yekaterinburg

Sights in Yekaterinburg include the Museum of City Architecture and Ural Industry, with an old water tower and mineral collection with emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and other precious stone; Geological Alley, a small park with labeled samples of minerals found in the Urals region; the Ural Geology Museum, which houses an extensive collection of stones, gold and gems from the Urals; a monument marking the border between Europe and Asia; a memorial for gulag victims; and a graveyard with outlandish memorials for slain mafia members.

The Military History Museum houses the remains of the U-2 spy plane shot down in 1960 and locally made tanks and rocket launchers. The fine arts museum contains paintings by some of Russia's 19th-century masters. Also worth a look are the History an Local Studies Museum; the Political History and Youth Museum; and the University and Arboretum. Old wooden houses can be seen around Zatoutstovsya ulitsa and ulitsa Belinskogo. Around the city are wooded parks, lakes and quarries used to harvest a variety of minerals. Weiner Street is the main street of Yekaterinburg. Along it are lovely sculptures and 19th century architecture. Take a walk around the unique Literary Quarter

Plotinka is a local meeting spot, where you will often find street musicians performing. Plotinka can be described as the center of the city's center. This is where Yekaterinburg holds its biggest events: festivals, seasonal fairs, regional holiday celebrations, carnivals and musical fountain shows. There are many museums and open-air exhibitions on Plotinka. Plotinka is named after an actual dam of the city pond located nearby (“plotinka” means “a small dam” in Russian).In November 1723, Peter the Great ordered the construction of an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. “Iset” can be translated from Finnish as “abundant with fish”. This name was given to the river by the Mansi — the Finno-Ugric people dwelling on the eastern slope of the Northern Urals.

Vysotsky and Iset are skyscrapers that are 188.3 meters and 209 meters high, respectively. Fifty-story-high Iset has been described by locals as the world’s northernmost skyscraper. Before the construction of Iset, Vysotsky was the tallest building of Yekaterinburg and Russia (excluding Moscow). A popular vote has decided to name the skyscraper after the famous Soviet songwriter, singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky. and the building was opened on November 25, 2011. There is a lookout at the top of the building, and the Vysotsky museum on its second floor. The annual “Vysotsky climb” (1137 steps) is held there, with a prize of RUB 100,000. While Vysotsky serves as an office building, Iset, owned by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, houses 225 premium residential apartments ranging from 80 to 490 square meters in size.

Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center

The Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center (in the city center: ul. Yeltsina, 3) is a non-governmental organization named after the first president of the Russian Federation. The Museum of the First President of Russia as well as his archives are located in the Center. There is also a library, educational and children's centers, and exposition halls. Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career in Yekaterinburg. He was born in Butka about 200 kilometers east of Yekaterinburg.

The core of the Center is the Museum. Modern multimedia technologies help animate the documents, photos from the archives, and artifacts. The Yeltsin Museum holds collections of: propaganda posters, leaflets, and photos of the first years of the Soviet regime; portraits and portrait sculptures of members of Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of various years; U.S.S.R. government bonds and other items of the Soviet era; a copy of “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, published in the “Novy Mir” magazine (#11, 1962); perestroika-era editions of books by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Grossman, and other authors; theater, concert, and cinema posters, programs, and tickets — in short, all of the artifacts of the perestroika era.

The Yeltsin Center opened in 2012. Inside you will also find an art gallery, a bookstore, a gift shop, a food court, concert stages and a theater. There are regular screenings of unique films that you will not find anywhere else. Also operating inside the center, is a scientific exploritorium for children. The center was designed by Boris Bernaskoni. Almost from the its very opening, the Yeltsin Center has been accused by members of different political entities of various ideological crimes. The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday, from 10:00am to 9:00pm.

Where Nicholas II was Executed

On July, 17, 1918, during this reign of terror of the Russian Civil War, former-tsar Nicholas II, his wife, five children (the 13-year-old Alexis, 22-year-old Olga, 19-year-old Maria and 17-year-old Anastasia)the family physician, the cook, maid, and valet were shot to death by a Red Army firing squad in the cellar of the house they were staying at in Yekaterinburg.

Ipatiev House (near Church on the Blood, Ulitsa Libknekhta) was a merchant's house where Nicholas II and his family were executed. The house was demolished in 1977, on the orders of an up and coming communist politician named Boris Yeltsin. Yeltsin later said that the destruction of the house was an "act of barbarism" and he had no choice because he had been ordered to do it by the Politburo,

The site is marked with s cross with the photos of the family members and cross bearing their names. A small wooden church was built at the site. It contains paintings of the family. For a while there were seven traditional wooden churches. Mass is given ay noon everyday in an open-air museum. The Church on the Blood — constructed to honor Nicholas II and his family — was built on the part of the site in 1991 and is now a major place of pilgrimage.

Nicholas and his family where killed during the Russian civil war. It is thought the Bolsheviks figured that Nicholas and his family gave the Whites figureheads to rally around and they were better of dead. Even though the death orders were signed Yakov Sverdlov, the assassination was personally ordered by Lenin, who wanted to get them out of sight and out of mind. Trotsky suggested a trial. Lenin nixed the idea, deciding something had to be done about the Romanovs before White troops approached Yekaterinburg. Trotsky later wrote: "The decision was not only expedient but necessary. The severity of he punishment showed everyone that we would continue to fight on mercilessly, stopping at nothing."

Ian Frazier wrote in The New Yorker: “Having read a lot about the end of Tsar Nicholas II and his family and servants, I wanted to see the place in Yekaterinburg where that event occurred. The gloomy quality of this quest depressed Sergei’s spirits, but he drove all over Yekaterinburg searching for the site nonetheless. Whenever he stopped and asked a pedestrian how to get to the house where Nicholas II was murdered, the reaction was a wince. Several people simply walked away. But eventually, after a lot of asking, Sergei found the location. It was on a low ridge near the edge of town, above railroad tracks and the Iset River. The house, known as the Ipatiev House, was no longer standing, and the basement where the actual killings happened had been filled in. I found the blankness of the place sinister and dizzying. It reminded me of an erasure done so determinedly that it had worn a hole through the page. [Source: Ian Frazier, The New Yorker, August 3, 2009, Frazier is author of “Travels in Siberia” (2010)]

“The street next to the site is called Karl Liebknecht Street. A building near where the house used to be had a large green advertisement that said, in English, “LG—Digitally Yours.” On an adjoining lot, a small chapel kept the memory of the Tsar and his family; beneath a pedestal holding an Orthodox cross, peonies and pansies grew. The inscription on the pedestal read, “We go down on our knees, Russia, at the foot of the tsarist cross.”

Books: The Romanovs: The Final Chapter by Robert K. Massie (Random House, 1995); The Fall of the Romanovs by Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir Khrustalëv (Yale, 1995);

See Separate Article END OF NICHOLAS II factsanddetails.com

Execution of Nicholas II

According to Robert Massie K. Massie, author of Nicholas and Alexandra, Nicholas II and his family were awakened from their bedrooms around midnight and taken to the basement. They were told they were to going to take some photographs of them and were told to stand behind a row of chairs.

Suddenly, a group of 11 Russians and Latvians, each with a revolver, burst into the room with orders to kill a specific person. Yakob Yurovsky, a member of the Soviet executive committee, reportedly shouted "your relatives are continuing to attack the Soviet Union.” After firing, bullets bouncing off gemstones hidden in the corsets of Alexandra and her daughters ricocheted around the room like "a shower of hail," the soldiers said. Those that were still breathing were killed with point black shots to the head.

The three sisters and the maid survived the first round thanks to their gems. They were pressed up against a wall and killed with a second round of bullets. The maid was the only one that survived. She was pursued by the executioners who stabbed her more than 30 times with their bayonets. The still writhing body of Alexis was made still by a kick to the head and two bullets in the ear delivered by Yurovsky himself.

Yurovsky wrote: "When the party entered I told the Romanovs that in view of the fact their relatives continued their offensive against Soviet Russia, the Executive Committee of the Urals Soviet had decided to shoot them. Nicholas turned his back to the detachment and faced his family. Then, as if collecting himself, he turned around, asking, 'What? What?'"

"[I] ordered the detachment to prepare. Its members had been previously instructed whom to shoot and to am directly at the heart to avoid much blood and to end more quickly. Nicholas said no more. he turned again to his family. The others shouted some incoherent exclamations. All this lasted a few seconds. Then commenced the shooting, which went on for two or three minutes. [I] killed Nicholas on the spot."

Nicholas II’s Initial Burial Site in Yekaterinburg

Ganina Yama Monastery (near the village of Koptyaki, 15 kilometers northwest of Yekaterinburg) stands near the three-meter-deep pit where some the remains of Nicholas II and his family were initially buried. The second burial site — where most of the remains were — is in a field known as Porosyonkov (56.9113628°N 60.4954326°E), seven kilometers from Ganina Yama.

On visiting Ganina Yama Monastery, one person posted in Trip Advisor: “We visited this set of churches in a pretty park with Konstantin from Ekaterinburg Guide Centre. He really brought it to life with his extensive knowledge of the history of the events surrounding their terrible end. The story is so moving so unless you speak Russian, it is best to come here with a guide or else you will have no idea of what is what.”

In 1991, the acid-burned remains of Nicholas II and his family were exhumed from a shallow roadside mass grave in a swampy area 12 miles northwest of Yekaterinburg. The remains had been found in 1979 by geologist and amateur archeologist Alexander Avdonin, who kept the location secret out of fear that they would be destroyed by Soviet authorities. The location was disclosed to a magazine by one his fellow discovers.

The original plan was to throw the Romanovs down a mine shaft and disposes of their remains with acid. They were thrown in a mine with some grenades but the mine didn't collapse. They were then carried by horse cart. The vats of acid fell off and broke. When the carriage carrying the bodies broke down it was decided the bury the bodies then and there. The remaining acid was poured on the bones, but most of it was soaked up the ground and the bones largely survived.

After this their pulses were then checked, their faces were crushed to make them unrecognizable and the bodies were wrapped in bed sheets loaded onto a truck. The "whole procedure," Yurovsky said took 20 minutes. One soldiers later bragged than he could "die in peace because he had squeezed the Empress's -------."

The bodies were taken to a forest and stripped, burned with acid and gasoline, and thrown into abandoned mine shafts and buried under railroad ties near a country road near the village of Koptyaki. "The bodies were put in the hole," Yurovsky wrote, "and the faces and all the bodies, generally doused with sulfuric acid, both so they couldn't be recognized and prevent a stink from them rotting...We scattered it with branches and lime, put boards on top and drove over it several times—no traces of the hole remained.

Shortly afterwards, the government in Moscow announced that Nicholas II had been shot because of "a counterrevolutionary conspiracy." There was no immediate word on the other members of the family which gave rise to rumors that other members of the family had escaped. Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlov in honor of the man who signed the death orders.

For seven years the remains of Nicholas II, Alexandra, three of their daughters and four servants were stored in polyethylene bags on shelves in the old criminal morgue in Yekaterunburg. On July 17, 1998, Nicholas II and his family and servants who were murdered with him were buried Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg along with the other Romanov tsars, who have been buried there starting with Peter the Great. Nicholas II had a side chapel built for himself at the fortress in 1913 but was buried in a new crypt.

Near Yekaterinburg

Factory-Museum of Iron and Steel Metallurgy (in Niznhy Tagil 80 kilometers north of Yekaterinburg) a museum with old mining equipment made at the site of huge abandoned iron and steel factory. Officially known as the Factory-Museum of the History of the Development of Iron and Steel Metallurgy, it covers an area of 30 hectares and contains a factory founded by the Demidov family in 1725 that specialized mainly in the production of high-quality cast iron and steel. Later, the foundry was renamed after Valerian Kuybyshev, a prominent figure of the Communist Party.

The first Russian factory museum, the unusual museum demonstrates all stages of metallurgy and metal working. There is even a blast furnace and an open-hearth furnace. The display of factory equipment includes bridge crane from 1892) and rolling stock equipment from the 19th-20th centuries. In Niznhy Tagil contains some huge blocks of malachite and

Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha (180 kilometers east-northeast of Yekaterinburg) has an open air architecture museum with log buildings, a stone church and other pre-revolutionary architecture. The village is the creation of Ivan Samoilov, a local activist who loved his village so much he dedicated 40 years of his life to recreating it as the open-air museum of wooden architecture.

The stone Savior Church, a good example of Siberian baroque architecture. The interior and exterior of the church are exhibition spaces of design. The houses are very colorful. In tsarist times, rich villagers hired serfs to paint the walls of their wooden izbas (houses) bright colors. Old neglected buildings from the 17th to 19th centuries have been brought to Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha from all over the Urals. You will see the interior design of the houses and hear stories about traditions and customs of the Ural farmers.

Verkhoturye (330 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg) is the home a 400-year-old monastery that served as 16th century capital of the Urals. Verkhoturye is a small town on the Tura River knows as the Jerusalem of the Urals for its many holy places, churches and monasteries. The town's main landmark is its Kremlin — the smallest in Russia. Pilgrims visit the St. Nicholas Monastery to see the remains of St. Simeon of Verkhoturye, the patron saint of fishermen.

Ural Mountains

Ural Mountains are the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia and have been a crossroads of Russian history. Stretching from Kazakhstan to the fringes of the Arctic Kara Sea, the Urals lie almost exactly along the 60 degree meridian of longitude and extend for about 2,000 kilometers (1,300 miles) from north to south and varies in width from about 50 kilometers (30 miles) in the north and 160 kilometers (100 miles) the south. At kilometers 1777 on the Trans-Siberian Railway there is white obelisk with "Europe" carved in Russian on one side and "Asia" carved on the other.

The eastern side of the Urals contains a lot of granite and igneous rock. The western side is primarily sandstone and limestones. A number of precious stones can be found in the southern part of the Urals, including emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and aquamarines. The highest peaks are in the north. Mount Narodnaya is the highest of all but is only 1884 meters (6,184 feet) high. The northern Urals are covered in thick forests and home to relatively few people.

Like the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States, the Urals are very old mountains — with rocks and sediments that are hundreds of millions years old — that were one much taller than they are now and have been steadily eroded down over millions of years by weather and other natural processes to their current size. According to Encyclopedia Britannica: “The rock composition helps shape the topography: the high ranges and low, broad-topped ridges consist of quartzites, schists, and gabbro, all weather-resistant. Buttes are frequent, and there are north–south troughs of limestone, nearly all containing river valleys. Karst topography is highly developed on the western slopes of the Urals, with many caves, basins, and underground streams. The eastern slopes, on the other hand, have fewer karst formations; instead, rocky outliers rise above the flattened surfaces. Broad foothills, reduced to peneplain, adjoin the Central and Southern Urals on the east.

“The Urals date from the structural upheavals of the Hercynian orogeny (about 250 million years ago). About 280 million years ago there arose a high mountainous region, which was eroded to a peneplain. Alpine folding resulted in new mountains, the most marked upheaval being that of the Nether-Polar Urals...The western slope of the Urals is composed of middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (sandstones and limestones) that are about 350 million years old. In many places it descends in terraces to the Cis-Ural depression (west of the Urals), to which much of the eroded matter was carried during the late Paleozoic (about 300 million years ago). Found there are widespread karst (a starkly eroded limestone region) and gypsum, with large caverns and subterranean streams. On the eastern slope, volcanic layers alternate with sedimentary strata, all dating from middle Paleozoic times.”

Southern Urals

The southern Urals are characterized by grassy slopes and fertile valleys. The middle Urals are a rolling platform that barely rises above 300 meters (1,000 feet). This region is rich in minerals and has been heavily industrialized. This is where you can find Yekaterinburg (formally Sverdlovsk), the largest city in the Urals.

Most of the Southern Urals are is covered with forests, with 50 percent of that pine-woods, 44 percent birch woods, and the rest are deciduous aspen and alder forests. In the north, typical taiga forests are the norm. There are patches of herbal-poaceous steppes, northem sphagnous marshes and bushy steppes, light birch forests and shady riparian forests, tall-grass mountainous meadows, lowland ling marshes and stony placers with lichen stains. In some places there are no large areas of homogeneous forests, rather they are forests with numerous glades and meadows of different size.

In the Ilmensky Mountains Reserve in the Southern Urals, scientists counted 927 vascular plants (50 relicts, 23 endemic species), about 140 moss species, 483 algae species and 566 mushroom species. Among the species included into the Red Book of Russia are feather grass, downy-leaved feather grass, Zalessky feather grass, moccasin flower, ladies'-slipper, neottianthe cucullata, Baltic orchis, fen orchis, helmeted orchis, dark-winged orchis, Gelma sandwart, Krasheninnikov sandwart, Clare astragalus.

The fauna of the vertebrate animals in the Reserve includes 19 fish, 5 amphibian and 5 reptile. Among the 48 mammal species are elks, roe deer, boars, foxes, wolves, lynxes, badgers, common weasels, least weasels, forest ferrets, Siberian striped weasel, common marten, American mink. Squirrels, beavers, muskrats, hares, dibblers, moles, hedgehogs, voles are quite common, as well as chiropterans: pond bat, water bat, Brandt's bat, whiskered bat, northern bat, long-eared bat, parti-coloured bat, Nathusius' pipistrelle. The 174 bird bird species include white-tailed eagles, honey hawks, boreal owls, gnome owls, hawk owls, tawny owls, common scoters, cuckoos, wookcocks, common grouses, wood grouses, hazel grouses, common partridges, shrikes, goldenmountain thrushes, black- throated loons and others.

Activities and Places in the Ural Mountains

The Urals possess beautiful natural scenery that can be accessed from Yekaterinburg with a rent-a-car, hired taxi and tour. Travel agencies arrange rafting, kayaking and hiking trips. Hikes are available in the taiga forest and the Urals. Trips often include walks through the taiga to small lakes and hikes into the mountains and excursions to collect mushrooms and berries and climb in underground caves. Mellow rafting is offered in a relatively calm six kilometer section of the River Serga. In the winter visitor can enjoy cross-mountains skiing, downhill skiing, ice fishing, dog sledding, snow-shoeing and winter hiking through the forest to a cave covered with ice crystals.

Lake Shartash (10 kilometers from Yekaterinburg) is where the first Ural gold was found, setting in motion the Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745, which created so much wealth one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. The area around Shartash Lake is a favorite picnic and barbecue spot of the locals. Getting There: by bus route No. 50, 054 or 54, with a transfer to suburban commuter bus route No. 112, 120 or 121 (the whole trip takes about an hour), or by car (10 kilometers drive from the city center, 40 minutes).

Revun Rapids (90 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg near Beklenishcheva village) is a popular white water rafting places On the nearby cliffs you can see the remains of a mysterious petroglyph from the Paleolithic period. Along the steep banks, you may notice the dark entrance of Smolinskaya Cave. There are legends of a sorceress who lived in there. The rocks at the riverside are suited for competitive rock climbers and beginners. Climbing hooks and rings are hammered into rocks. The most fun rafting is generally in May and June.

Olenii Ruchii National Park (100 kilometers west of Yekaterinburg) is the most popular nature park in Sverdlovsk Oblast and popular weekend getaway for Yekaterinburg residents. Visitors are attracted by the beautiful forests, the crystal clear Serga River and picturesque rocks caves. There are some easy hiking routes: the six-kilometer Lesser Ring and the 15-kilometer Greater Ring. Another route extends for 18 km and passes by the Mitkinsky Mine, which operated in the 18th-19th centuries. It's a kind of an open-air museum — you can still view mining an enrichment equipment here. There is also a genuine beaver dam nearby.

Among the other attractions at Olenii Ruchii are Druzhba (Friendship) Cave, with passages that extend for about 500 meters; Dyrovaty Kamen (Holed Stone), created over time by water of Serga River eroding rock; and Utoplennik (Drowned Man), where you can see “The Angel of Sole Hope”., created by the Swedish artist Lehna Edwall, who has placed seven angels figures in different parts of the world to “embrace the planet, protecting it from fear, despair, and disasters.”

Image Sources: Wikimedia Commons

Text Sources: Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation (official Russia tourism website russiatourism.ru ), Russian government websites, UNESCO, Wikipedia, Lonely Planet guides, New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, National Geographic, The New Yorker, Bloomberg, Reuters, Associated Press, AFP, Yomiuri Shimbun and various books and other publications.

Updated in September 2020

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Never Forget Harry Styles and Kendall Jenner's PDA-Filled Yacht Vacation

There's a reason why kendall jenner and harry styles' joint appearance on the late late show went so swimmingly..

There's a reason why  Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles ' joint appearance on  The Late Late Show went so swimmingly. 

The singer filled in for  James Corden as a guest host on Tuesday's episode, during which he and the  Keeping Up With the Kardashians  star played Spill Your Guts or Fill Your Guts . During the segment, Kendall agreed to rank her siblings according to their parenting skills, while Harry opted to consume cod sperm  rather than answer her question of which songs on his last album are about her.

Kendall, 24, and Harry, 25, go way back and have occasionally sparked dating rumors on and off since 2013. Over the New Year's holiday in 2016, the two got cozy on a luxury yacht while vacationing together  in St. Barts. The two were also joined by Ellen DeGeneres  and wife  Portia De Rossi .

"Why are they a good match? Well, they're both super hot, super great, sweet people," Kendall's sister Khloe Kardashian later told E! News . "And if I'm on a yacht in St. Barts if I'm—how old is she, 20? He's 20?—hey, I ain't mad at you, Kenny. Do your thing, girl!"

See photos from Kendall and Harry's Caribbean vacation:

The two show some PDA a yacht in St. Barts.

The two enjoy some R&R.

Kendall stunned in a white bikini.

The two gaze at the sea.

The  One Direction singer grabs the reality star's foot playfully.

The reality star climbs aboard, with little help from the singer...

The reality star shows off her trim figure in a crimson two-piece.

The reality star adjusts her bikini top.

The reality star covers up in the wind.

Ellen DeGeneres & Portia De Rossi join the reality star and  One Direction singer, who have sparked romance rumors for two years, for lunch on a yacht in St. Barts on New Year's Day.

Weeks later, Kendall and Harry attended a private party  at the Troubadour rock club in West Hollywood with her mother Kris Jenner . The two appeared to cool things off for a few months. In April 2016, a source told E! News that they were "hanging out again," but were not "officially dating."

In January 2018, Kendall attended Harry's concert in Los Angeles with friends and was spotted dancing and giving him a standing ovation .

This past May, the two rumored exes were all smiles as they  reunited at the 2019 Met Gala .

Watch  Keeping Up With the Kardashians on Sundays at 9/8c only on E!

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