sailboat sea trial checklist

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What You Can Learn on a Quick Test Sail

The full survey will come later. right now you want to kick the tires a little and see if this boat makes your short list. caution: willing seller required..

Summer is in the air. Flowers are blooming, birds are chirping and everyones fancy turns to boat buying (you were expecting me to something more rational, like love maybe?).

A test sail is a great way to weed out the painted vixens before spending your hard earned cash on a marine survey. Sure, you could ride around with a Mimosa in one hand while the broker regales you with tales of far away, exotic lands, but a smarter move would be to approach your test sail with planning and a critical eye. Heres how to glean as much info as possible about your potential purchase during a test sail.

TEST SAIL VS. SEA TRIAL

A test sail is typically shorter than a formal sea trial, so you may not have time to do all of the tips below. Concentrate on the ones you feel will yield the most information in the amount of time you have. If you’re not 100 percent confident in your ability to do any of them, just leave those for your surveyor to conduct during his sea trial.

AT THE DOCK

1. Ask the owner or broker not to warm up the engine before you get there. You can learn a lot from a cold start, but the most basic observation is how hard the engine is to start-a perfect time for weak batteries and other such problems to rear their ugly head.

2. Check the bilges (bilge water level, presence of oil, etc.) and compare with how they look once you’ve returned to the dock.

3. Check the engine oil and coolant levels, as well as the transmission oil level, before and after the trip, confirming correct fill levels and noting any changes that could indicate leaks.

4. Place a clean drip cloth under the engine and generator before getting underway (which makes oil leaks are more noticeable) and record engine and generator hours before and after your test sail (to verify the hour meters actually work).

UNDERWAY CHECKS

1. Record oil pressure, temperature and voltage output for the engine at various speeds (slow throttle, half, full, and cruising speed).

2. Inspect stuffing boxes, dripless shaft seals, and rudder glands for leaks. It’s not unusual for these to be dry at the dock, but leak while the vessel is underway and making way.

3. Check the shaft for vibration at various speeds. If there’s visible wobble, you can get a rough idea of how bad the problem is by touching the top of the gear box. If you can feel it there as well, the issue needs to be corrected sooner rather than later.

4. Note the engine manufacturers maximum recommended RPM and after the engine has warmed up a bit, ask that it be run at full throttle for a short distance. The RPM at wide open throttle should be within 100 or so of the specs (depending on the engine). A maximum RPM higher than recommended could mean the prop is too small, while a slower RPM could indicate a prop that’s too large in pitch, diameter or both.

While running at maximum speed, verify that actual speed matches advertised speed. This is also the time to look for any unusual sights and sounds-burning smells, smoke, vibration, excessive broker sweating, etc.

BOAT-HANDLING CHECKS

1. Raise all sails and inspect each for condition (repairs, damaged threads, chafe, etc) as well as ease of raising and lowering. Make a couple of tacks to see how the boat handles.

2. Standard maneuvers while under power include a back-down test and figure-eight turns. The back-down test (reducing throttle quickly while shifting from cruising speed to neutral, then to reverse, then increasing power) lets you check the engine mounts for excessive movement. Just be sure to provide sufficient time when shifting between forward and reverse. Worn or misaligned engine mounts cause shaft alignment problems, meaning the mounts themselves may be bad or due for replacement in the near future. Figure-eight turns at cruising speeds are useful to verify maneuverability, handling and that the vessel has an equal turning radius to port and starboard.

As you can see, there are plenty of things you can do to make a test sail productive, but that doesn’t mean you can’t have a good time as well. You can still listen to the raucous tales of the owner or broker – just tell them to hold off on the margaritas until after your work is done.

Capt. Frank Lanier is an accredited marine surveyor with over 30 years of experience in the marine industry. His website is www.captfklanier.com .

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Sea Trials: Step-by-Step Checklist

Taking a boat for a sea trial—or taking it for "test run"—should be an essential part of the boat-buying process. What to look for during this test, however, isn’t always clear to new boaters. Here are several areas worthy of your attention. For a more thorough evaluation, consider asking a boating-savvy friend to tag along, or for larger boats in particular, hiring a marine surveyor .

Sea Trial Checklist

When it comes performing a sea trial, there are a few main steps you should follow:

• Create a "real-life" environment on the boat to accurately replicate a typical day.
• Be sure to test performance targets, and ask your dealer about horsepower options.
• Play the role of both driver and passenger.
• Look at engine trim, consider how you will use the boat (watersports, fishing, etc.)
• Bring the boat to 30 MPH, perform a hard turn, and if possible, test conditions in rough waters.
• At no-wake speeds, center the wheel and note how well the boat keeps its line.
• Run both into and away from the sun—check for glare and reflections.

What to Look for During a Sea Trial

Whenever possible, test a boat like you plan to use a boat. Many sea trials are undertaken on a boat loaded with little fuel, few passengers, and an absence of gear. In use, however, odds are you’ll have all of the above, adding hundreds or even 1,000 pounds or more to your boat’s load. If practical, bring family members or friends to more accurately replicate your typical day on the water. If not, keep in mind that the performance you feel during a lightly loaded test ride will rarely if ever equate to the performance you’ll feel during real-world usage. If a boat is at all sluggish or just barely hits your performance targets during a test ride, ask your dealer about other horsepower options available and how they may improve the ride.

Likewise, be cautious when selecting a low-horsepower base model designed to hit a specific price point. Again, consider your typical load, as well as how you plan to use your boat. Skiing and wakeboarding? You’ll need a strong low end to pull riders from deep water. Like to fill the boat to capacity and entertain? A lower horsepower engine may struggle to carry the load. Buyers are frequently enticed by a boat’s attractively priced “base” horsepower, only to find themselves later trading up in search of more power.

On the water, play the role of both driver and passenger. As driver, make note of your visibility, particularly in terms of the captain’s forward vision when accelerating onto plane or the ability to easily see over passengers seated in a bow cockpit. Engine trim, transom-mounted trim tabs and even flip-up seat bolsters can be used to improve forward vision but should never compensate for an underpowered craft with an extended time to plane.

Bring the boat to 30 mph, check behind for traffic, then crank a hard-over turn to each side. Ideally, the boat should carve cleanly and powerfully through the turn without the engine struggling to maintain speed or the propeller losing its bite on the water.

Head into rough water (or make your own with a series of S-turns) and cross several wakes at varying speeds. Though the effects of rough water can’t be eliminated, a well-designed hull will carve confidently through wakes while limiting any serious bumps or jarring from disturbing passengers. Listen for any rattles and vibrations; if present, they may be an easy fix but if not you may want to compare the craft’s performance to another brand. At no-wake speeds, center the wheel and note how well the boat keeps its line. Single sterndrive or outboard-powered boats sometimes have a tendency to wander at slow speeds, but the effect is usually minimized by trimming the engine up slightly and avoiding the tendency to oversteer in an attempt to correct the problem.

Run both into and away from the sun. Ideally, there should be no distracting reflection off the windshield or glare affecting your view of dash instrumentation. Flip on all electrical accessories, especially running lights and bilge pump, to verify they’re working.

Sea Trials as a Passenger

As a passenger, sit in various positions throughout the boat.

• If the boat has a forward, or “bow” cockpit, is it deep enough to offer security to passengers…and roomy enough for adults?
• Move to the main cockpit and continue the process. Does the layout encourage socializing or isolate?
• Can you sit back and relax, or do you feel yourself frequently reaching for handholds?

Other items to note include:

• Sound levels
• Adequate seat cushioning
• The abundance—and convenience—of onboard storage
• Amount and placement of handholds and cupholders

Remember, a test ride isn’t just a pleasure cruise, but your best opportunity to see how the boat responds, accommodates passengers, and ultimately, matches up to your needs as a buyer. Spend the time wisely and be rewarded with many seasons of fun on the water.

To learn more about other steps through the boat buying process, read:

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What to Look for on a Sea Trial

If you are in the process of buying a boat, a sea trial should be an important part of your to-do list. However, what to look for during this test run isn’t always clear to novice boaters.

In this article, we shed light on some of the most crucial aspects of a sea trial . We cover what to expect on a sea trial – things you should look for, how to prepare for it, and how to conduct it effectively.

We explained marine surveys and their types in other articles on this blog.

Table of Contents

What is a Sea Trial? | What does a sea trial consist of?

A sea trial is a test run to assess the performance of a new or used boat and prove its seaworthiness. It is when you take a boat that you plan to buy on the body of water you wish to use, such as a freshwater lake or ocean.

After a major refit or repair, you may also conduct a sea trial on your own boat. The main idea behind this activity is to use the vessel the same way you intend to use it post-purchase, taking special note of how well it performs. A typical sea trial consists of the following :

• Creating a “real-life” environment on the boat to accurately replicate a normal day.
• Testing performance targets and inquiring about horsepower options.
• Playing the role of both passenger and driver to get an in-depth feel of the boat
• Bringing the boat to 30 MPH, performing a hard turn, and testing conditions in rough waters if possible.

Why is a Sea Trial Important? | Is a sea trial necessary?

A sea trial is one of the most important steps in the boat-buying process, as it uncovers any hidden concerns you may have overlooked.

By testing the vessel in person and seeing how it performs under different conditions, you can ensure it is worth investing in. This is especially true if you are buying a used boat . Even if the boat seems perfect from the surface, you should still get a feel for how it rides the water and what your line of sight will be while standing by the helm.

It all about safety!

How Does a Sea Trial Work?

During a sea trial, you essentially take the vessel on the water and operate it like you normally would on a typical boating trip. This includes riding it at different speeds, maneuvering on varying water conditions, and putting extra weight on the board.

Even though it is generally a fun experience, you shouldn’t get too carried away with the excitement of a new boat.

Make sure your focus lies on how well the boat performs (not accessories), and take notes to compile a sea trial report for future reference.

For a professional opinion, you may consider taking along a marine surveyor , industry expert, or mechanic who can properly examine the boat and compile a report. Such specialists are trained to detect potential problems that may not necessarily be visible to you.

Make sure the specialist is part of an association so you don’t get taken for a boat ride!

What Should You Look for During a Sea Trial Process? | Boat Sea Trial Checklist

The following checklist will help you do a detailed inspection of the boat, both on land and on water.

• Interior: Inspect the interior of the boat with a keen eye. Observe any wooden work or upholstery for overlooked damage, such as chips, tears, or scratches.
• Exterior: Pay close attention to surface damage, including paint chips, corrosion, or cracks. Check the propeller for damage.
• Moving components: Check the functionality of the moving elements, such as doors and windows. Do they open easily? Are there any loose cables? Are the safety mountings in place?
• Smell: Smell can be a good indicator if something is amiss with the boat. For example, a musky mildew smell could indicate a mold infestation, or an excessive fuel smell could mean a leakage.
• Seating: Check if the seating is enough to meet your cruising needs.
• Electronics: Make sure the electronics on the boat are fully functional and in good condition. 
• Steering : Check if you can steer the boat quickly and efficiently. Count the times you need to turn the steering wheel from lock to lock. 3 to 4 times indicate a quick response, but anything more could be bad news. Focus on maneuverability.
• Speed : Accelerate the boat and see how it feels and whether it makes unusual noises. Shift the throttle and note how the speed holds and moves through every transition. Lastly, make multiple turns while going at each speed. The slower the planning speed, the better.
• Maneuverability : This refers to how easy or difficult it is to move the boat around on the water. Observe any factors that hinder the performance, such as currents or strong winds, jarring movements, or uneven steering. Do a variety of turns, including right and left turns, full-circle turns, docking and backing in, etc.
• Sounds : While it is common for vessels to make noise, certain sounds are big red flags. For example, loud clunking or rattling when starting the boat isn’t normal. Similarly, if the engine makes powerful vibrations, cracking, or thumping noises, that could indicate something serious. Start when the vessel is cold to check the engine for unusual sounds. 

How long do sea trials last?

A sea trial procedure can last for a few hours . Every boat dealership has guidelines and rules for conducting sea trials, so discuss your expectations with them beforehand. If you need more time to test a boat on water before deciding, ask about their policies.

During this time, your marine surveyor or boat dealer may also discuss some limitations due to liability and insurance laws.

How much does a sea trial cost?

A sea trial typically involves towing a boat in and out of the water, which can cost anywhere from $100 to $1500 each way, depending on the size of the boat. Sometimes you need a captain. If you hire a marine surveyor, you can expect to pay between $18 and $25 per foot , typically including an out-of-water check, a system test, a sea trial, and a detailed survey report.

The exact cost will vary depending on your chosen surveyor and the length & type of vessel in question. Just make sure to pick someone well versed in this type or make of vessel.

Who pays for a sea trial? (debatable)

Generally, sellers are responsible for financing the commissioning of the boat, a sea trial as part of the marine survey, and launching the boat…etc. Everything is negotiable yes, but the sea trial is only to be done with serious buyers as a final acceptance.

Do it after a deposit is paid too and bring the surveyor along on the sea trial. Doing many sea trials can be expensive for a seller if people are “just shopping”.

As a buyer , you will be responsible for paying for the marine survey and inspection, so make sure to opt for a reputable and state-approved or certified marine surveyor.

There is much debate on this but, to avoid any confusion, spell it out on the bill of sale and purchase agreement for the boat.

Sample sea trial survey report

A sea trial survey report confirms that a vessel has undergone a sea trial at a specific date at the buyer’s request. It generally consists of the vessel’s details, onboard check, engine check , and other key observations made during the trial.

Listed below are two detailed samples of a sea trial survey.

What a sea trial doesn’t tell you | Caveats to a Marine Survey  

While it is important to conduct a sea trial for a vessel before investing in it, there are certain limitations that buyers must be aware of. A sea trial only tells you the physical state of the vessel and uncovers any potential problems related to its performance. However , it doesn’t uncover any important information regarding the vessel’s history , past ownership, or validity of current paperwork.

To ensure that the boat you wish to buy is legit and has no questionable past, you will need a Boat-Alert.com history report to complement your marine survey.

This report will give you immediate access to critical information such as the boat’s name, value, lien information, pollution incidents, factory recalls, theft, auction data, and accidents.

You can perform a HIN lookup on the website by yourself – All you need to do is enter the HIN of the boat you want to buy in the tool’s search bar to check its titling/registration details.

Tips for Buying a Boat

Here are some tips to help you make the most of your yacht sea trial .

• Bring along your friends and family. This will help you understand what the boat will be like on a normal sailing day. This means riding it at full-fuel levels, with the added weight of passengers. Plus, you will be able to hear the thoughts of your loved ones and whether they notice anything concerning.
• Ask for help. If you are unsure what to do during a sea trial, ask as many questions as possible. If you are concerned about an issue, contact a marine specialist and get a second opinion.
• Spend some time as the driver and the passenger. This will help you get a comprehensive feel of the boat from all possible angles.
• Do a background search on the dealer and the boat . Use Boat-Alert.com to perform an online HIN lookup to be sure of the boat’s legitimacy. 

In this article, we discussed what to look for on a sea trial, the importance of conducting a sea trial, and other steps to follow when buying a boat . We also discussed the limitations of a sea trial and the need to supplement it with a Boat-Alert boat history report .

#SeaTrial #SeaTrialProcess #WhatHappensOnASeaTrial #evaluation

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• How to Do a Sea Trial

Buying a boat is a big decision. If you ask any marine expert how to buy a boat with as little risk as possible, they will likely recommend you take the vessel out for a sea trial before making a final purchase. For many boaters, the sea trial is the last step before buying the boat, and the results of the test are often the determining factor between two similar vessels. This article explains how to sea trial a boat, including what areas you should pay close attention to while on the water and helpful boat-buying tips.

What Is a Sea Trial?

A sea trial is when you take a boat you are interested in purchasing on a test run on the body of water you plan to use it on, whether that be the ocean or a freshwater lake. You may also conduct a sea trial to test a boat you currently own after a major repair or refit. The idea is to use the boat the same way you plan to use it post-purchase, taking special note of how well the vessel performs. Only engage in a sea trial for a new boat once you have narrowed down all your options and have found the vessel you are likely to buy.

WHAT HAPPENS ON A SEA TRIAL?

Now that you know what it is, exactly how does a sea trial work? During a sea trial, you take the boat on the water and operate it under the same conditions you would on a typical boating trip, including varying speeds, maneuvering on different water conditions and adding extra weight on board. Although it’s usually a fun experience, don’t get too caught up in the thrill of a new boat. Be sure to focus on how well the vessel performs and take notes to compile a sea trial boat report. Some boaters will hire a marine surveyor, mechanic or industry expert to accompany them during the sea trial before buying a boat so they have trained eyes and ears helping to identify potential concerns.

HOW LONG DOES A SEA TRIAL LAST?

When you water test a boat, it can last anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Each boat dealership has its own rules and guidelines in place for sea trials — set aside enough time during the boat shopping period to discuss your expectations with the dealer. If you feel you need more time on the water to make a decision, ask about their policies. At this time, your boat dealer or surveyor may also discuss certain restrictions you must follow due to insurance and liability laws.

Importance of Doing a Sea Trial

Having a sea trial for a powerboat is a crucial step in the boat buying process, as it can alert you toward concerns you may have otherwise overlooked. It’s the best way to ensure that you are making a worthwhile investment. Doing a sea trial is especially important if you are purchasing a pre-owned vessel. Even if the test raises no red flags, it’s still an excellent opportunity to get a feel for how the vessel rides the water and what your sightline will be while at the helm.

Sea Trial Checklist: What to Look for on a Sea Trial

Before you begin your sea trial, make a list of the requirements that you need your boat to meet and the areas you want to inspect in a notebook. Keep these notes with you throughout the water test, and remember to record details about the boat’s performance. Use this same notebook to write down questions for the dealer.

WHAT TO CHECK ON LAND

Before you head out, perform a visual inspection of the boat on dry land. Pay special attention to the following areas:

• Upholstery:  Examine the upholstery — including seats, cushions, drapery and linens — for stains, tears or fading. Inspect all seams for stability and note any wear.
• Exterior damage:  If you’re buying a pre-owned boat, pay close attention to surface damage, such as scratches, chips in the paint, cracks or corrosion. Although a few minor blemishes are common, multiple cracks or concentrated corrosion in one area could indicate a more significant problem.
• Smell:  Smell can be a powerful tool during a pre-inspection. If you smell excessive fuel, for instance, it could mean there is a leak in the fuel lines, or the tank is filled with contaminated fuel. If you note a musky, mildew smell, be sure to check for hiding leaks or standing water in storage compartments and other hard-to-see areas of the boat. Any trace of burning rubber or smoke is cause for immediate concern.
• Functionality:  Finally, test the functional elements of the boat. Do all windows, doors and compartments open without difficulty? Are railings and pedestal seats firmly mounted? This is also a good time to check for loose wiring, including cut or frayed lines. Note the date on the battery, as well as its condition.

WHAT TO CHECK ON THE WATER

If possible, conduct a portion of your sea trial in daylight, as well as after dark, so you can get an accurate idea of how displays look in all types of lighting. Key performance areas to check during your sea trial include steering, speed, maneuverability, sound and comfort.

1. STEERING

Being able to steer your boat quickly and efficiently is crucial for the safety of you, your passengers and other boaters. Two of the most important things to test your boat are the steering response and whether the steering system is worn. To test response, count how many times you have to turn the steering wheel to get from lock to lock. Three to four times indicates a quick response, while anything more than that may be more difficult to maneuver in an emergency. To inspect for a worn system, take a look at the cables and mounting area. Check that the drive or outboard engine has little slack. If it easily moves back and forth when you touch it, this could be a safety hazard later.

You need a vessel that can offer you the adventure you’re looking for. For powerboaters, this means speed. There are several ways to test the speed of your boat, including:

• How does the boat sound as you accelerate? How does it feel? Any abnormal noises or vibrations could be cause for concern.
• Operate the boat on both calm and busy waters, so you see whether it maintains a low planing speed on rough waves without sacrificing too much time.
• Shift the throttle between casual, steady cruising and top speed performance. Note how the speed holds and shifts through each transition. While you do this, be sure to travel over different depths of water to get an accurate read.
• Make several turns while going each speed. If the boat stays on plane, this is the minimum planing speed. The slower the planing speed, the better, especially if you plan to do a lot of boating on rougher waters.

3. MANEUVERABILITY

Maneuverability refers to the way the boat handles the water, and how easy or challenging it is to move around the boat while on board. Take note of any factors that impede performance, such as strong wind currents, uneven steering or jarring movements. To test the vessel’s maneuverability, incorporate a variety of turns into your test, including:

• Left and right turns
• “Swerve to avoid” motions
• Full circle turns
• Backing in and docking

To test onboard maneuverability, you or a passenger should walk from end-to-end of the boat while it’s idle and while you’re cruising, noting whether grab bars are accessible, how much traction the floor provides and how much mist and water covers the seating area. Open and close storage receptacles, including doors, hatches and cabinetry.

All powerboats make noise while in use, but there are certain sounds you should be aware of, including:

• Starter:  Before starting the boat, open the hatch, so it’s easier to hear. A steady vibration or hum is expected, but severe rattling or clunking isn’t normal.
• Engine:  If possible, start the engine for the first time when the boat is cold, as this is the best time to hear abnormal sounds. If your engine makes any noise variations—  called “hunting”  — it could indicate a serious issue, such as a failing fuel pump or injector.
• Abnormal sounds:  While cruising, note any noise in the transmission, as well as abnormal sounds like rattling, thumping, powerful vibrations or cracking. Pay attention to the way the boat sounds while idle and while at top speed, as well as when shifting.

Finally, how does the boat feel? Even when a boat performs well, small features can mean all the difference between a fun day on the water or a day filled with squinting through glares, sore muscles and frustrating inconveniences. Ask yourself and your passengers the following questions while onboard:

• Do you feel secure when you walk around when idle and at cruising speed? Is there any place that is unstable or slick?
• Are the railings tall enough, and do they provide sturdy support?
• Is the cabin hatch wide and tall enough for family, friends or crewmembers to fit through?
• Do any latches, knobs, cabinet doors, drawers or fixtures rattle loudly when cruising?
• Are there plenty of grab bars at each end of the boat?
• Is there plenty of room for both you and your passengers to move around?
• Are storage receptacles easily accessible?
• Are the seats comfortable?
• Can you reach the control panel and gauges easily from your seat? Can you read the electronic display screens in the daylight?
• How is your sightline when behind the wheel? Are there any harsh glares from the windshield or reflective surfaces?

Tips for Buying a Boat

Now that you know more about how a sea trial works, use these tips to get the most out of your water test:

• Bring the family:  You want to get an accurate read for what the boat will be like on a typical day. This means operating at full-fuel levels, with several pounds of loaded gear and the additional weight of passengers. Bring a few friends or family members to your sea trial with you. This will give you the best indication of the boat’s true performance, and your passengers can also offer feedback about how comfortable the boat is and whether they see or hear anything concerning. Should the boat perform slower with a few extra people on board, consider asking about additional horsepower options.
• Ask questions:  If you’re unsure about anything during the sea trial, don’t be afraid to vocalize your concerns. If you suspect that something might not be right, consult a marine expert or surveyor when you get back on land.
• Be the passenger:  Spend time both behind the wheel and as a passenger. As a driver, take note of your sightline, including any visual obstructions. As a passenger, sit in different seats, walk around while cruising and assess how comfortable and stable you feel as you navigate to each part of the boat, such as the cabin and cockpit. Include things like noise level, seat vibrations and the proximity to handrails and cupholders.
• Choose carefully:  When choosing a boat to purchase or sea trial, take time to research the dealership and manufacturer. Do they have a reputation for providing  top-quality products and excellent customer service ? What financing options do they provide?

About Formula Boats

At Formula Boats, we’re on a mission to bring friends and families closer together by helping each of our customers find the boat that fits their exact wants and needs. That’s why we offer preowned and stocked vessels, as well as the unique ability to customize and build your own boat.

When you browse the  Formula preowned inventory , you can filter your search by manufacturer, year or sales class. You can also  find a Formula dealership near you  to see boats in person. When you opt for the  build-your-own option , you get to customize every part of your vessel, including the boat class, series, model, engine, colors and graphics, interior decorations, optional add-on features and more. Whichever boat you choose, our staff is standing by to guide you through the process.

As a valued member of the Formula family, you’ll also gain access to  the Formula Service program , which includes:

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• Yachting World
• Digital Edition

How to sea trial a boat: Professional boat testers share their top tips

• October 14, 2020

How do you know which yacht is right for you? Will Bruton gets expert advice from sailors who test drive boats for a living…

Yacht brokers don’t really sell boats, they sell dreams. To buy any sailing yacht requires a leap of faith: a conviction that the winds will blow in our favour, and that the places we voyage to will be better than the places we leave behind (or at the very least, that the experience of sailing there will be better than staying put).

No matter how hard-headed you plan to be about a yacht purchase, it’s easy to get distracted. At boat shows an overdose of polished chrome or fancy systems can overwhelm sense and reason. Sales patter can paint a picture of idyllic sailing experiences that are not, in fact, how you actually spend and enjoy your time on the water.

With so many different designs on the market, making the right choice is far from easy. What’s more, few of us get to regularly sail a really wide selection of yachts. Even when we do test sail a boat we’re considering buying, time on board is often limited. So how best to use that time wisely, and to work out what is really important?

Cockpit protection and the ability to trim and reef easily will be prime considerations for many who want to cruise offshore. Photo: Richard Langdon

We asked boat testers, who compare and trial dozens of different yachts all year round, for their tricks of the trade to help find the boat that best matches your needs.

Yachting World ’s Toby Hodges has tested hundreds of yachts for these pages, viewed many more at shows and has sat on the European Yacht of the Year judging panel for the last decade. He stresses the importance of getting to know the yachts on your shortlist as thoroughly as possible, to understand the real, or standard, boat and not just the boat show model.

“Use any resources available such as videos, virtual visits and boat test reports – compare specs and numbers, always conduct viewings, and take trial sails if at all possible,” he says.

Article continues below…

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How to pick your ideal bluewater yacht: ARC director explains all

I often chat with prospective bluewater cruisers at boat shows and seminars and am frequently asked: “What is the ideal…

“Try to visualise what your own reality will be like on board from the beginning. It’s almost impossible to replicate the sailing you’ll be doing, even with an extended test sail, so it’s important to mentally separate yourself from the artificial sales environment and focus: what would life be like day to day on this boat at sea? Be honest with yourself about your plans for the boat and realistic about whether it really does meet your needs.”

Do your homework

Hugely experienced sailing journalist and Yachting World tester Matthew Sheahan has test sailed more than 1,000 boats over the course of a 24-year career. He highlights how much doing serious preparation can influence your boat buying experience. “If you meet [the sales agent/broker] equipped with knowledge of the product, you will be taken seriously.

“Sadly, while agents are sometimes lambasted, they have to deal with a lot of tyre kickers that are far from serious, and with limited resources to demonstrate their product adequately. They are far more likely to arrange a test sail or factory visit if they can see you are comparing a list of contenders from the start that you have thought about.”

Photo: Paul Wyeth

Norwegian journalist Axel Nissen-Lie, who is editor of SEILmagasinet and also a regular judge for the European Yacht of the Year awards, believes how you start your search is critical. “Establish your ‘musts’ before you begin. Agents selling boats want it to be an emotional process, so establish your priorities to keep that emotion in check!

“Data can be really useful to determine a baseline criteria for the boat you are seeking. Then, when you come to test sails, you can compare against this. Does the yacht meet your minimum passage speed? Is the draught realistic for everywhere you plan to explore? Is the tankage really suitable for long term cruising? These are the kind of numbers that will stop you buying a boat that isn’t capable of the sailing you have in mind.”

Nissen-Lie also believes prospective buyers shouldn’t shy away from looking at market depreciation, whether buying new or used. “There’s been a trend in recent years of manufacturers appealing to a genuine, if misguided, customer demand for ‘more boat for the money’. A quick look at the residuals will reveal just how much cheap big boats plummet in the first three years of ownership, whilst their smaller, seemingly more expensive quality counterparts often retain value and for longer.

A factory tour can provide far more information than can be gleaned from marketing materials. Photo: Richard Langdon

“Of course, all boats lose a lot of value as soon as they hit the water. After looking at initial depreciation over three years, compare values at the 10-12 year mark as well. That’s when the yacht will really be starting to show how it stands the test of time.” If you are considering a new-build yacht, a factory tour can give you an opportunity to learn more than you’d ever glean from marketing materials.

“If you are offered a factory tour, take it,” advises Toby Hodges. “The time, effort and expense of travelling there will be well worth it and you’re likely to see parts of the yacht you would never normally have access to, while also getting a real grasp of what the yard that builds it is all about. There are big differences in how yards approach a build and some inspire more confidence than others.”

At every stage, dig into the detail. “Asking questions, perhaps some difficult ones, will reveal a lot about the substance of the boats they sell,” says Matthew Sheahan. “Can you see a relative stability curve to see how stable the boat is? How is the hull constructed? Can they show you how easy it is to get to the skin fittings? These are questions that start to open up what the boat is really like.”

A factory visit also allows you to see the fittings and structure you may not be able to access on a finished boat. Photo: Paul Wyeth

Build a relationship

John Rodriguez is now a well-known broker specialising in bluewater yachts , but started out in yachting as a first-time buyer, looking for a boat to take he and his wife, Nicola, around the world. He freely admits that, at the start, they knew very little. “Until we met other cruisers I became convinced our boat was cursed… it kept going wrong!”

Today he uses this experience to help his clients, many of whom are planning similar adventures. He has also been the chairman of the Association of Brokers and Yacht Agents, and has strong views about what customers should expect from a good broker.

“Because we specialise in bluewater, I never think of myself as a salesman, partly because it’s not a strategy that gets results. You should expect guidance from the broker and a depth of knowledge you can draw on from day one. If they’re pushing a particular boat really hard, that’s a bad sign,” says Rodriguez.

Evaluate cockpit size, practicality and comfort based on your needs – what features make the yacht suitable for you day-to-day?  Photo: Paul Wyeth

“People come to me and often that initial conversation will be around viewing a boat that I just know isn’t right for what they want to do, but that can be a starting point as they learn what is suitable over time.

“My biggest advice to customers starting out on their search is to read as much as possible. Books on bluewater sailing , blogs and owners’ experiences of particular boats can be absolutely invaluable. Over time your broker should be getting a feel for you, your plans and what you really need.

“Also, don’t rule out refit. A good broker will find boats that don’t meet your needs currently, but would with a quality refit . A good broker will also know the people to make that process far less daunting, which ultimately opens up your search to far more yachts in total.”

An early sea trial of a new Italia 13.98. Photo: Paul Wyeth

How to test drive a yacht

On the water, a yacht’s true nature will out. It’s here that a creaky interior, carelessly positioned winch or uncomfortable helming position will become clear. But most test sails are time limited, so how best to make the most of it?

“A test sail is an unrivalled opportunity to see a yacht in its real-world environment, on the water. It is crucial to make this time count, ensuring it works for you, not just the agent selling the yacht,” explains Toby Hodges.

A test sail is still a long way from the reality of owning the boat and living aboard, so a lot of it is about visualising what life aboard would be like. Put the boat through its sailing paces, certainly, but don’t let that be all you evaluate.

Think about maintenance and problem solving: how you might you access and service machinery? Ask if changes can be made to suit your needs. Photo: Paul Wyeth

“When we test for Yachting World , we will go overnight if at all possible, to cook and sleep aboard. That helps to really get a deeper impression, but if you can’t do that, you can visualise.

Walk around the cockpit, deck and interior while out on trial. How practical is the layout?

“Would this shower compartment be large enough for everyday use? Is there enough stowage space in the galley? How noisy is it in the cabins? Bringing someone along with you that you sail with a lot can help to talk through the boat candidly.”

Test sails are provided by the agent, but all the testers we spoke to emphasised the need to try and shut out the sales pitch.

Cockpit practicalities

Test sails are something you should look to do early in your boat search rather than later, yet most people leave it until they are really serious about a type of boat. Sail several yachts and don’t be afraid to negotiate with the agent to get as much time as possible. A shared test sail for a couple of hours with several others immediately after the boat show isn’t going to give you the time and space to feel how the boat might be with just you on board.

The sailing experience is important, but try to see beyond the fun factor. Professional IMOCA 60 racer and RYA Yachtmaster examiner Pip Hare also tests for Yachting World . While naturally interested in all aspects of boat performance as an offshore racer, it’s the relationship between the sailor and yacht that stands out to her most when testing boats.

Get the boat sailing hard to windward, then go below and walk around, advises Pip Hare

“When you go for a test sail, do every job possible in the cockpit to see how it works in practice, or doesn’t. Can you get from the wheel to the sheets, or is there too much in the way? Particularly if you’re sailing with inexperienced crew, it’s something to consider. Good positioning of winches, jammers and sheets can make a huge difference. Also, are they sufficiently powerful for the job they have to do?

“Below decks, test usability by getting the boat sailing hard to windward. Go below and walk from one end of the boat to the other. How hard is it to move around? Are there enough handholds? Does that spacious saloon suddenly become dangerous because of how beamy it is?”

Matt Sheahan agrees: “A boat that’s physically comfortable on deck will be mentally comfortable. What I mean by that is: if you can’t get to the mainsheet from the helm, you can’t depower the main quickly, so it can make you anxious. Good boats are designed around ease of sailing and logical design.”

If you are equipped with knowledge of the product you’ll be taken seriously, says Matt Sheahan

Pip is positive about modern boat design, but occasionally sails boats that fail fundamentally. “Occasionally you’ll come across yachts, even monohulls, where sailing comes second to marina comfort. In one case I was initially impressed by a beautifully clean cockpit with all lines leading to two winches close to the helm.

“The trouble was, no one had thought about where all the lines go, so when you actually went sailing you were left with a huge mass of lines with nowhere to put them. That’s never going to work.”

To try to find a boat’s flaws. US boat tester and former editor of Sail magazine, Peter Neilsen, believes you shouldn’t aim for everything to go really smoothly on a test sail.

“It’s tempting to just go through the usual manoeuvres of tacking, gybing, and so on, seeing how well the boat goes on various points of sail, how easy it is to balance the sail plan,” he says. “But why not try stopping the boat: let the sheets fly and see what she does. How does she lie to the wind?

“Find out how well she heaves to and, indeed, if she will heave to. Spin in a circle without touching the sheets to see how easy it is to get out of irons; try to sail under mainsail or genoa alone. Under power, find something you can back up to, to see how she steers going astern. Bring her up to cruising speed then let the wheel go, and see if she dives off in one direction or another.”

Eyes wide open

It’s clear, then, that you should approach buying a boat with eyes wide open. Be realistic about identifying the type of sailing you do – or want to do – and draw up a list of your absolute necessities. Think about your priorities in the short and longer term. The more comprehensive your list, the better the chance you’ll find the boat that fits your needs. Some may find it helpful to rank or score their criteria to help make the decision.

It’s easy to be seduced by the helming experience, but try and sample as many jobs and manoeuvres aboard as possible. Photo: Paul Wyeth

Use this to draw up a shortlist of suitable boats, and as a means of rejecting ones that will be unsuitable – but don’t rule out a refit, or ask if something can be altered.

Crawl over yachts at boat shows, but always push for a test sail for a yacht you are considering. And once you get aboard, try to visualise how this particular boat will serve you in the real world. It may be then that you find a yacht you have a real connection with.

Charter first

Chartering a boat that’s the same as, or similar to, one you’re thinking of buying is the best way to establish if it’s really for you. “Ask the manufacturer’s agent or broker if there is scope to charter the boat or a similar model,” advises Toby Hodges.

Chartering a multihull is a good way to find out if you’d enjoy owning one. Photo: Pawel Toczynsky / Getty

“In the case of a new yacht, the charter cost can sometimes be written off against a purchase. For larger yachts, which are often semi-custom, it’s a great way to determine how you’d like your own build fitted out, what works and what doesn’t.” Multihull sales have seen a big increase over recent years, and many of those sales are to owners switching from a monohull . “If you’re thinking of converting to a multihull, consider where the major points of difference are and put them into practice by chartering,” says Toby.

“Power handling, anchoring and living are all very different aboard a multi. Sailing, while often a pleasant surprise, is a very different thing on a cat. So why not enjoy the selection process more by chartering in some lovely locations first?”

Boat shows (when they’re up and running again) will provide the best opportunity for a first look at a wide variety of yachts

Boat show comparison

Terysa Vanderloo and Nick Fabbri compared dozens of catamarans when searching for their new Ruby Rose . Terysa shares her top tips…

After living on board a 38ft monohull for the past five years, my partner Nick and I decided to make the move to a catamaran. We had no clear idea of which catamaran we wanted, or even what the options were, so over the course of 2019 we went to numerous boat shows, toured dozens of catamarans and did five sea trials.

We took our YouTube audience with us on this journey, filming a total of 19 catamaran reviews and sampling the entire spectrum of catamaran designs.  We wanted to be analytical in our decision making process, so we assessed each boat using five criteria: safety and design; build quality; interior design and liveability; price; and performance.

Terysa Vanderloo and Nick Fabbri took a detailed look at 19 catamarans when choosing their new boat

Each boat was given a total score out of 50, and we even opened up the ‘scoring’ to our audience through an app, which removed any bias from both ourselves and brokers. These are some of the things we learned:

Come prepared: Knowing your must-haves in advance will be of huge benefit at the show. Every boat is a compromise, so it helps to know the characteristics or features that are absolute red lines. For example, in choosing our new boat we were determined to have a catamaran with well-protected helms, high build quality and excellent natural ventilation.

This allowed us to create a shortlist in advance by doing online research before arriving at the show. Most manufacturers will have virtual tours or comprehensive photo galleries on their website and obtaining information on price in advance is a good idea if you’re working to a budget.

Bring a camera: Filming a full walk-through on your phone or an action camera for further study and comparison when you get home is really useful. Once you’ve seen a few boats, it can be hard to remember the details – getting it all on film lets you relive the experience later and compare different models retrospectively.

Allow extra time: Although I’m a big advocate for being prepared, sometimes you fall in love with a boat you totally overlooked during your initial research. And sometimes your priorities change once you’ve done a few walk-throughs.

You might think you want a performance catamaran , for example, but after spending some time in the spacious hulls of a cruising catamaran you start to rethink your stance… Give yourself plenty of time to do some generalised browsing, because you might be surprised by what you fall in love with on the day.

First published in the October 2020 issue of Yachting World.

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How To Sea-Trial A Boat

• By Kevin Falvey
• Updated: October 10, 2017

We absolutely encourage anyone buying a boat to sea-trial that boat. A purchase is a large financial commitment, and while warranties cover defects, there is no recompense if you make the wrong choice. Take delivery and it’s yours — for better or worse.

Now, how do you make the most of your demo ride?

For starters, don’t waste your time, or the dealer’s, testing every boat that strikes your fancy. You should have done your homework and your footwork by the time you request a sea trial plus weeded your list down, and basically be making the offer on the boat pending the outcome of its ride.

Ride quality isn’t the only thing you can assess during a sea trial, though. There’s a lot more a boat in the water can tell you that one in a showroom can’t. Check out these 12 tips for getting the most out of a sea trial.

Power Type If you are buying a used boat, obviously the power installed is the power you will get if you buy the boat. But for new boats, request a demo boat with the same make and model engines as those on the boat you are considering. This is important because, for example, you may cruise with a crew of four or more, keep the tanks full, and have a bunch of gear stowed aboard. Conversely, sea-trial boats are typically lightly loaded and sparsely crewed. So the weight disparity between trial boat and actual boat can result in a performance deficit on delivery day. Bottom line? If the boat performs sluggishly during a sea trial, you may want to order the boat with more power. Also, consider that the differences between power choices may manifest themselves in the form of serviceability or stowage capacity, not just speed, ride, economy and handling.

Marine Electronics On delivery day — if you buy the boat — power up all the electronics and make sure they work, but during a pre-purchase sea trial, observe the visibility of the screens from the helm. Do so by running “away from” and “toward” the sun to see if glare is an issue. Also make sure to open any skylights if the boat is fitted with a hardtop. While at cruising speed, check to see if the depth sounder works. Also check for a sounder signal while in the shallow water of the marina. If the signal isn’t coming through, the transducer may be inappropriately installed.

Minimum Planing Speed A great characteristic to test for during a sea trial is minimum planing speed. Everybody knows that, by slowing down, you can alleviate a rough ride in rough water. But if the boat is not planing, control can be difficult. A planing hull is more stable and more responsive to the steering wheel when it’s on plane, primarily due to the dynamic stability that occurs with enough lift, in addition to faster water flow past the rudders, drive or gear cases.

Using the tachometer and the GPS display, and with the trim tabs and drives fully deployed down to give the boat every advantage, incrementally bring the speed down. We like to drop by 200 rpm, pausing for at least a minute at every increment until the boat falls off plane. When’s that? That’s when, instead of two “chine wakes” coming together to form a V some distance aft of your boat, there is just solid whitewater coming from across the width of the entire transom. At that point, bump the throttle back up to get the chine wakes and maintain the speed. Make some turns. If the boat stays on plane, that is the minimum planing speed. Write it down, and perform the same process with the other boat you sea-trial. For any two comparable boats, the ability to achieve a slower minimum plane is superior for rough-water work.

Passenger’s View We like to use the word crew when referencing family and friends aboard, since it denotes a level of participation that we believe ramps up the fun of boating. But during a sea trial, we suggest you act like a passenger — a person without sea legs who is just along for the ride. Put yourself in those shoes and sit in various places around the boat where you would be located while someone else skippers the boat. Find out if it is easy to move from the cockpit to the head in the cabin. Should a handhold or grab rail be added? Is there excessive vibration when lounging on the companion seat? How about that transom lounge: Do you get a whiff of exhaust or does a swim platform bracket cause an annoying mist of spray? Do seat cushions “bottom out” as the boat crests waves at “normal” cruising speed for the conditions on your test day?

Proper Propeller

Proper Propeller After establishing the engines that will power your demo boat, source an owner’s manual or service manual and determine the engine’s recommended maximum rpm range. During your trial, be sure to run the engine up to wide-open throttle and note the rpm on the tach. The higher the reading relative to the specified range, the better. If it doesn’t fall within the recommended range, this could indicate that your boat is outfitted with the wrong prop. Too low? Overpropping the engine can do serious damage over time. Too high? Underpropping can cause carbon buildup and harm the bearings. Experts say it should be on the high end of the range during tests so it will operate within the wider range when fully loaded, bottom-painted and equipped for personal use — all of which make the boat heavier and cause the engine to drop revolutions per minute.

Score More Most boats today are equipped with gauges that directly output fuel consumption. Ask the captain or salesperson to set the gauge to read the fuel burn rate, and note the rate at several speeds you anticipate running the boat.

This test may not be of importance to some boaters. In fact, none of these tests is intended to be a requisite to the purchase of any and all boats. They are examples that will apply to many boats and many boaters. Most importantly, they serve to show the many characteristics that can be assessed only with a boat in the water.

Visibility from the Helm Hang around almost any boat at a boat show and you will hear someone eventually complain that visibility from the helm is impeded. These statements are unfair because boats blocked up in a convention center are usually not fixed at the same angle at which they will run in the water, nor is the skipper’s stance and posture the same in a static boat as it would be while running the boat.

During your sea trial, you can use information from ABYC standard H-1, “Field of Vision from the Helm Position.” Read on for some highlights from that standard.

In order for this standard to be effective, the boat must be operated in a reasonable and prudent manner. You must be aware that boats can be operated in a manner and at certain speeds causing trim and/or roll angles such that vision is obscured. This standard cannot assure that a boat can be operated without some loss of vision from the helm position while operating at high trim angles during the transition between displacement and planing mode. This standard does not relieve the operator of the requirement to comply with the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Rules. Movable items such as persons, gear and convertible tops are considered under the control of the boat operator and therefore are not obstructions to visibility for the purpose of this standard.

Actual standard compliance requires elaborate setup and measurement that will not be possible for the layman to execute within the bounds of the typical boat-buying process, but during your trial you can gain insight useful when comparing one boat with another. Look forward and aft, and especially if the boat has a hardtop or an enclosed helm, make sure you can see another boat coming up your wake and passing you close on either side. Also note how close under your bow you can spot an object while at cruising speed and in cruising trim; for instance, at what distance does the lighthouse, radio tower or church steeple disappear from view? Use the radar or GPS to confirm the distances, write them down, and break them out when you sea-trial the next boat.

Be advised that the use of engine trim and trim tabs in order to change the angle at which you can see is an acceptable method of compliance.

Self-Bailing Cockpit

Self-Bailing Cockpit The American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC) standard H-4 for self-bailing cockpits calls for the scuppers to drain 75 percent of the flooded cockpit in 90 seconds. Think about that for a moment, and try to visualize it. The ABYC also calls for a minimum 1-inch scupper diameter.

A simpler comparative test is to get the dock hose and squirt water in the cockpit. See how fast water drains. Does the water puddle before it drains? A big green wave is going to put more water in the ’pit than the hose. Now stand at the transom with a buddy or the salesman, adding the weight of a couple of humans as would be the case were you boating a fish or working on the engine. How does the cockpit bail now? Only a sea trial will tell you this.

Roll Period As a corollary to your static stability test, test for the boat’s roll period. This is the amount of time it takes a boat to roll from heeled over onto one side to heeled over onto the other side and back again. Untie the boat. Then use crew, family members or passers-by to help you weight one side of the boat down as far as possible and then let it go, using a stopwatch to record the time until it returns.

A generally accepted principle of naval architecture for crew comfort is that roll period in seconds should equal 1 to 1.1 times the beam in meters. So, a boat with an 8-foot (2.5-meter) beam taking three seconds to roll from one side to the other and back to the original side is right in the comfort zone. Boats that score less than 1 will be fast rollers or “stiff” boats and less comfortable drifting, while boats that score higher will be “tender” boats and will roll slower. Extremes in either are bad and may be unsafe. Your task, once again, is to collect data for comparative purposes, rather than seeking an absolute.

Stability Here’s another test you can conduct with the boat at the dock. Place increasing numbers of crew on one side of the cockpit and note, using an inclinometer or simply a small bubble level, how much the boat lists. This is a gauge of the boat’s static stability. Generally, boats with increased static stability have a quicker, snappier motion than boats with less static stability. In short, the boat that lists less will rock shallower and quicker, rather than deeper and slower. Most boaters prefer a boat with increased static stability for inshore or calm-water work, while boats with greater ultimate stability (those that list more but don’t follow the wave shape) are preferred for offshore service. But don’t get hung up looking for absolutes. Instead, take notes and compare the stability of boat A to boat B.

Head-Sea Ride If the boat is an offshore model, you should insist upon the chance to run it in open water. Head out of the inlet or harbor. Set a course directly into the seas, trim the boat, and adjust the throttle for the most comfortable speed in those conditions. Write down the speed and the sea state. Remember, for the sea trial to have the most value in helping you decide which boat to choose, you’ll need to compare it against the other boat or boats on your short list. Run the course for several minutes, at least. In addition to “tuning in” to how you feel, note how accessories like tops and towers are reacting to the ride. Are they shaking and wracking? Will this cause fatigue failure at the welds or stress cracking at the mounting points? Write down your thoughts.

Down-Sea Ride Use the same procedure while running down-sea, noting the conditions and adjusting trim and throttle. On this heading, attune yourself more to handling than to ride softness.How much is the boat slowed as it enters the back of each wave? How much must you advance and let up on the throttle? Does the boat climb waves or try to go through them? Now adjust your heading so you are running a quartering course, away from the waves at 45 degrees. This is generally the sea state in which many boats are most challenged to stay on course. How vigilant must you be at the wheel in order to keep the boat on the desired heading? Use the compass or landmarks during this part of the trial — they are better indicators for this than the GPS digital display. Write everything down: There are no absolutes for boats to hit. Your goal is a data bank of information that you can use to compare against the other boat on your short list when you sea-trial it.

The Other Essential: Get a Survey

The Other Essential: Get a Survey Even boaters who shop for brand-new boats can benefit from the services of a marine surveyor. The benefits range from helping to ensure that new-boat “glitches” are taken care of before delivery instead of under warranty after you own the boat, to receiving the more serious “suitability for service” report a professional surveyor can deliver. Reach out to these organizations when seeking a surveyor:

Society of Accredited Marine Surveyors Inc. (SAMS): marinesurvey.org

National Association of Marine Surveyors (NAMS): namsglobal.org

• More: how to buy a boat , How-To , inspection-survey , Photos , Used Boats

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80 Essential Questions to Ask During Boat Sea Trials

Taking a boat out for a sea trial is essential if you consider purchasing a new one. This step in the boat buying process allows you to assess how the prospective boat will perform.

During this test, you’ll be able to experience first-hand how the boat handles and ensure it meets your expectations before making any commitments. Ask as many questions as possible about the boat, so you’re confident in your choice; this is particularly important with used boats.

When taking a test drive of a boat, it’s essential to consider the type of vessel you’re looking at. If you’re thinking about a yacht instead of a powerboat, please include questions about the sails and standing and running rigging in addition to the broader questions.

Key Questions

Here are some critical questions you should ask during your sea trial . 

What Will We Be Testing?

Before heading out for your sea trial, it’s essential to establish what aspects of the vessel will be tested and evaluated. The type and duration of sea trials vary from one boat to another, so make sure you’re clear on what needs to be checked off during your time on board. Typical tests include inspecting navigation equipment , propulsion systems, electrical systems, fuel tanks, and more.

What type of engine does it have?

The engine type in a boat is a significant factor in its performance on the water. A diesel engine, for example, produces more torque than a gasoline engine and is often preferred by sailors because of its reliability and fuel efficiency.

Ask what type of engine is included with the boat so you know how much power and speed to expect from it when out on the water.

How old is it?

Ask about the boat’s age. This will help you determine if any parts need to be replaced or repaired before taking them out on your first sail. Also, ask about any warranties that come with the boat—that way, if something breaks unexpectedly, you won’t have to pay extra out-of-pocket costs to repair it. If the boat is quite old, you should consider spare parts availability.

Can I Bring Someone With Me?

Bringing a companion along during sea trials is an excellent way to ensure you get everything necessary. Not only can they help with tasks on board, such as testing and inspecting, but having a second person there will provide extra peace of mind in case anything is forgotten or overlooked.

Having another set of eyes also makes it easier to take notes and record any issues that may arise during tests.

What Safety Equipment is On Board?

Safety should be a top priority whenever you set sail, so ensure all necessary safety equipment works before heading out into rough waters. This includes life jackets , fire extinguishers, flares and other signalling devices, bilge pumps, and more.

Please ensure these items are up-to-date and meet all applicable safety standards before taking the vessel out for its first excursion with you behind the wheel.

Are There Any Problems?

Before taking the boat out on a test run, you are assessing any issues affecting your buying decision is vital. Asking questions and conducting a thorough inspection of the boat will help you identify any potential problems like engine damage or water damage that can be costly to fix.

Make sure you also look for any red flags, such as suspicious signs of wear or unsound construction, as these can have severe implications for your safety and wallet down the line.

How Does It Handle?

Another critical question to ask during a sea trial is how does it handle? You want to ensure the boat handles well and responds appropriately when given commands.

Take it out on various types of waters (calm, choppy) and at different speeds to get a feel for how it performs in other conditions. Also, please be sure to pay attention to how easy or difficult it is to control and adjust settings while underway.

How Is The Performance?

Finally, you’ll want to ask about performance during your sea trial. Ask questions like what is its top speed? How fuel-efficient is it? What range can it cover without having to refuel?

These questions will help give you an idea of what kind of performance level you can expect from this boat model.

To help arm you with the right questions to ask about the sea trial, we have prepared a list of 30+ questions, covering from before you depart to after you return.

Sea Trial Checklist

Preparing with the right questions before, during, and after a sea trial is critical to ensuring it goes as smoothly as possible. To give you peace of mind and make sure all aspects are covered, we’ve created a checklist of thirty questions to arm you with the necessary information.

These questions will help you identify potential issues and cover all bases, so nothing is left to chance, ensuring there won’t be any nasty surprises later on down the line.

General Questions

• What type of boat are you sea trialling?
• Who is conducting the sea trial?
• What is the purpose of the sea trial?
• Who will be on the boat during the sea trial?
• What is the planned route for the sea trial?
• What is the expected duration of the sea trial?
• Are there any restrictions or limitations on the sea trial?
• Are there any safety measures in place during the trial?
• What is the availability of the boat for sea trials?
• What is the cost of the sea trial?
• Can I take photos or videos during the trial?
• Are there any insurance requirements for the sea trial?
• What type of weather conditions are expected during the trial?
• What is the expected sea state during the trial?
• What is the procedure for cancelling or rescheduling the trial?
• Who is paying for any fuel or lifting costs?

Technical Questions

• What type of engine or propulsion system does the boat have?
• What are the maximum speed and fuel consumption of the boat?
• What type of navigation equipment does the boat have?
• What is the draft of the boat?
• What is the capacity of the fuel tank?
• What are the weight of the boat and its maximum carrying capacity?
• What is the range of the boat, and how far can it travel on a full tank of fuel?
• What is the maximum number of passengers the boat can safely carry?
• Does the boat have any electronic systems or technology?
• What is the battery life of the boat, and how long does it take to recharge?
• How does the boat handle windy conditions?
• What are the boat’s turning radius and manoeuvrability?
• What is the boat’s fuel efficiency?
• Does the boat have a freshwater system for washing and cooking?
• What type of sewage system does the boat have?

Questions to Ask During the Sea Trial

During the sea trial, you should focus on assessing the boat’s performance, comfort, and safety. The following are some essential questions to ask during the test.

Performance Questions

• How does the boat handle different weather conditions ?
• What are the maximum speed and optimum cruising speed of the boat?
• What is the fuel consumption of the boat at different speeds?
• How does the boat handle and steer in rough waters?
• How does the boat respond to sudden changes in speed or direction?
• How does the boat handle sharp turns?
• Is the boat stable when stopped or at low speeds?
• Does the boat experience any vibrations or engine noise while in operation?
• How does the oat handle choppy waters or waves?
• Does the boat have any tendencies to list or roll? 
• How does the boat’s handling change with different loads?
• How does the boat handle strong currents?
• Can you easily control the boat’s speed and direction?
• How does the boat handle in reverse? Is it easy to dock?

Comfort and Convenience Questions

• What is the level of noise in the cabin and on the deck while underway?
• How is the boat ride, and what is the level of motion comfort in rough seas?
• How well-ventilated is the boat, and how does it handle temperature changes?
• What are the forward vision and general visibility from the cockpit, and how well does the boat handle glare?
• What is the headroom and storage space in the cabin and on deck?
• What is the seating arrangement and comfort for passengers?
• Are there any safety features such as handrails, lifejackets , or emergency flotation devices?
• How well does the boat handle rough waves and choppy waters?
• Are there any amenities such as a bathroom, kitchen, or entertainment system?

Safety Questions

• Are there safety features such as handrails, lifejackets , or emergency flotation devices?
• Does the boat have a functional and reliable navigation system?
• What is the stability and buoyancy of the boat in rough waters ?
• How well does the boat handle windy conditions?
• Does the boat have emergency equipment , such as a horn or flare gun?
• Are there any safety guidelines or procedures to follow during the sea trial?
• What is the process for responding to an emergency on the boat?
• How well does the boat handle strong currents?
• Does the boat have any electronic systems or technology for navigation and communication?

Questions to Ask After the Sea Trial

After the sea trial, it’s essential to consider the boat’s maintenance requirements, operating costs, and financing options.

Maintenance Questions

• What type of maintenance will the boat require?
• How often will the boat need to be serviced?
• What is the warranty on the boat?
• How easily can parts be replaced if needed?
• Has the boat had any major work done on it?

Cost Questions

• What is the cost of the boat?
• What is the cost of insurance for the boat?
• What are the operating costs of the boat, such as fuel and maintenance expenses?

Other things to think about the boat

• How well does the boat meet your expectations and needs?
• Were there any performance, comfort, or safety concerns during the trial?
• Did you experience any unexpected issues or problems during the trial?
• How does the boat compare to other boats you have sea trialled in the past?
• What is your overall impression of the boat, and would you consider purchasing it?
• Do you have any other questions or concerns you would like to discuss with the seller or manufacturer?
• What is the next step in the purchasing process?

Sea trials can be an informative and exciting experience for anyone purchasing a new boat! Asking these essential questions will ensure that all your bases are covered before signing off on any purchase agreement—you want to make sure that this is true ‘the one.’

Knowing which questions to ask can help ensure everything operates safely and efficiently once you hit open water!

Please remember that the sea trial is your chance to get a hands-on experience with the boat, so please take advantage of this opportunity to ask questions and ensure the boat is a good fit for you and raises no red flags.

Whether you are a seasoned boater or a first-time buyer, asking the right questions during the sea trial will help you make a smart investment in your boating experience.

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Boat Evaluation Checklist

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Evaluating a boat's condition is essential before purchase. New boaters and boat buyers can use this checklist to make a preliminary evaluation.

Evaluating a boat's condition before purchase makes it easier for the prospective owner to say "good buy" or "good bye" to a deal. Likewise, an objective eye for problems that need to be corrected makes it easier to prepare a boat for sale.

Use the checklist below to make a preliminary evaluation:

• Make copies for each boat you look at
• You may want to keep shopping if your evaluation has more than 10 scores of 2 or under.
• Is it clean?
• Are there signs of rust, hull blisters, peeling paint or varnish, previous repairs, cracks or corrosion?
• Don't forget to check operating gear like winches, steering systems, running and standing rigging on sailboats, lights, head and galley equipment, electronics and instrumentation.
• Start up the engine and take a sea trial.
• Check for compliance with U.S. Coast Guard safety equipment requirements 

This checklist is NOT a substitute for inspections by a competent marine surveyor and a marine engine mechanic. 

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What To Look For On A Sea Trial: A Checklist

Dec 9, 2020 Articles

What is a sea trial?

A sea trial is when you take a boat you are seriously interested in purchasing on a test run on the water. When participating in your sea trial, you want to use the boat the same way you plan to use it once you own it, taking note of how the boat performs in this environment. Sea trials should only be done once you have narrowed down all your options and have found the boat that you are likely to be purchasing, and as a result, have an offer and deposit in place.

How does a sea trial work?

So you know what a sea trial is, but how does a sea trial work? During a sea trial, you take the boat out on the water and use it under similar conditions that you would on a typical boat day on your new vessel, such as manoeuvring on different water conditions or taking the boat out at various speeds. While taking out a boat you are planning on purchasing is an exciting experience, it’s important not to get caught up in the thrill of the sea trial; be sure to focus on how the boat is performing. Often on sea trials buyers will hire a marine surveyor to accompany both them and their broker on the sea trial so they have trained experts helping identify any potential concerns. While onboard, however, the surveyor will typically only be concerned with the performance of the engine(s) and the soundness of the structure.

Who pays for a sea trial?

Generally, it is the seller’s option to choose a skipper to undertake the sea trial. They also pay for the preparation of the vessel for the sea trial, as well as the operation of the sea trial.

Is a sea trial necessary?

Sea trials are an important part of the boat buying process, and should only be skipped in special circumstances when buying a used vessel, as they can help alert you to any concerns that may otherwise have been overlooked, had the boat not been splashed, particularly if it had previously been on the hard. Even in the best-case scenario, when a vessel raises no red flags, it’s still a great way to get a feel for how your new boat will ride in the water.

What should you look for during a sea trial; A sea trial checklist

Before you head out:

This is a great time to take note of all visual aspects of the boat before you head out to sea.

• Exterior: You should take this opportunity to look for any previously unnoted surface defects, such as scratches, chips, cracks, or corrosion.
• Interior: Examine the interior with the same amount of care, looking at any of the wooden interior or upholstery for unnoted damage, such as scratches, tears, or chips.
• Moving components: Test the functionality of the boat elements; do the windows and doors open easily? Are safety mountings secure? Are there any loose wires?

On the water:

So how do you sea trial a boat? While on the water, take this opportunity to be both the passenger and the driver, providing you have boating experience. Take note of your visibility, both your forward vision, and whether obstructed by your crew or passengers. Is there a distracting glare from the windshield? Can you see the dashboard properly?

Listen to the engine as it starts- Does it start smoothly and quietly, or does it rattle and knock? Bring the boat to cruising speed and test the steering, performing right and left turns, listening for vibrations and rattles as the boat moves, especially over wake on open water. The effect of rough water can’t be eliminated, but a well-designed hull will carve confidently through wakes while limiting any serious bumps from disturbing passengers. At no-wake speeds, center the wheel and note how well the boat keeps its line.

Act as a passenger and sit in various seats throughout the boat. If there is a forward cockpit, does it offer security to passengers? How comfortable is the main cockpit, is it roomy enough for how many adults you plan to host? What are you planning on using your new boat for- is the layout right for socializing or is it more suited to fishing? As a passenger, make sure you feel comfortable at speeds and during turns without having to constantly reach for handholds.

While the aim is to simulate situations similar to real-world usage during a sea trial, keep in mind that the performance may be affected during the lightly loaded test ride. On a typical day that you use your boat, you’re probably going to pack it with gear, guests, or coolers, and that weight will give way to a different performance. 

Other factors to consider:

• How is the stowage on the vessel- is it enough for your needs?
• Is there adequate seating for your typical usage?
• Manoeuvrability when on board- can you safely get around when underway?
• How are the electronics, do all that expect to work turn on?

Buying a used powerboat, catamaran, sailing boat or center console is an exciting experience, but make sure you get a thorough evaluation so you have no surprises once in your possession. While a sea trial on a yacht isn’t necessary, it is a recommended step in the boat-buying process. Ready to find your next boat or looking to upgrade your vessel? Contact one of our brokers today to start the process.

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What Is A Sea Trial And Why Is It Important?

A sea trial is an inspection of a boat to check its seaworthiness.  It is a great way to get a feel for how a boat handles on the water and gives you an opportunity to see if there are any issues with a boat before you buy it. 

Buying a boat is a big decision and an exciting experience.  Make sure you get a thorough evaluation so you have no surprises once in your possession.

Many boat buyers hire a marine surveyor or industry expert to accompany them during the sea trial before buying a boat.

Get a Boat Inspection

Sea Trial Checklist

• Create a "real-life" environment by operating the boat under the same conditions you would on a typical boating trip. Consider how you will use the boat eg. fishing, skiing, cruising, racing etc.
• The engine should be 'cold' when you start a sea trial.  Many times an engine that has been warmed to operating temperature will act different than it did when cold.
• Check varying engine speeds, driving in different wave and wind conditions and adding extra weight on board.  Check for rattles and vibrations.  At no-wake speeds, center the wheel and note how well the boat keeps its line.
• Test the boat's maneuverability including: Slalom or left and right turns Swerve to avoid turns Full circle turns Backing in and docking.
• Play the role of both driver and passenger.  Check visibility and comfort.
• Use the navigation and communications electronics including the VHF radio and the autopilot, anchor using the windlass, run the generator if there is one, understand digital systems and monitor the batteries.  If you want to see how to launch the dinghy down off the flybridge, ask for it to be done.

On-Land Checks

• Ask for maintenance records.  If the boat is a popular model, do some online research on performance and possible issues.
• Check that all safety equipment is on board and in good working order.
• Use all your senses.  If there is a strong smell of fuel, it could mean a leaky fuel line. If you notice a musky mildew smell, check for leaks or water in storage compartments and other hard-to-see areas of the boat. Any trace of gas, burning rubber or smoke is cause for immediate concern.
• Check for scratches, chips, cracks or corrosion. Although a few minor blemishes are common in used boats, multiple cracks or extensive corrosion in one area could be cause for concern.
• Do all windows, doors and compartments open without difficulty? Are grab rails and seats firmly mounted? This is also a good time to check for loose wiring, including cut or frayed lines.
• Inspect the upholstery — including seats, cushions, curtains, blinds, clears and bimini etc.

No boat is perfect.  Not all issues will be deal-breakers, but they can help you negotiate the price. Address any issues with as much reason and as little emotion as possible. Obtain an estimate of the cost of repair or replacement. Understand that if your offer comes in low, the seller may not be motivated to make many changes.

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Delayed Glen Sannox ferry sets sail for crucial sea trials

New CalMac ferry Glen Sannox has begun some of its final sea trials before being handed over by the Ferguson shipyard.

The long-delayed ship is being put through its paces using liquefied natural gas (LNG) to power its engines for the first time.

Despite a last-minute hitch that forced a further two-week delay, the ship was last week loaded with the fuel, which needs to be kept at minus 162C.

The ship, currently scheduled for delivery by mid-October, sounded its horn as it passed the CalMac headquarters in Gourock.

The ship underwent its first successful sea trials earlier this year - but only running on conventional fuel because the LNG systems had yet to be commissioned.

Ferguson Marine said the latest tests had got off to a good start, with the ship accelerating to 12 knots as it passed the Isle of Cumbrae.

Over the coming days the trials will evaluate manoeuvrability, acceleration and whether it can reach its contracted speed of 16.5 knots.

These will be followed by "owner's acceptance trials" with ferry procurement body CMAL, beginning on 30 September, and several weeks of crew familiarisation trials by operator CalMac before it carries its first passengers.

The ship was originally due for delivery in 2018, but has been beset by a series of problems including design difficulties and an acrimonious contractual dispute between CMAL and the shipyard's former owners.

Glen Sannox is the first ship ever built in the UK capable of running on LNG as well as conventional marine gas oil.

But the technology has added a lot of extra complexity for the Port Glasgow shipyard, and many of the delays have been linked to the LNG systems.

One former Ferguson Marine boss described the challenges of packing the equipment into the tight spaces as more complex than designing a Navy warship.

The most recent delay was caused by difficulties achieving low enough temperatures for the fuel to be loaded at Greenock's Inchgreen Marine Park, where Glen Sannox has been moored.

Earlier this week, the shipyard announced that after four-and-a-half days of cooling it had successfully completed the refuelling operation.

Andrew Milligan, head of engineering at Ferguson Marine, said: "The successful LNG bunkering is a highly significant milestone as it’s the first time it has ever been done in the UK.

"It was a complicated process which required significant safety protocols to be put in place.

"We experienced some unexpected challenges around this process and, unfortunately it has had a knock-on effect to the handover schedule."

Methane slip

The main benefit of LNG fuel is that it is seen as cleaner burning, releasing fewer pollutants such as nitrous and sulphur oxides.

The engines also emit up to 25% less carbon dioxide when running on LNG although some have questioned the green credentials of the technology.

There is a risk of "methane slip" - the release of unburnt gas during certain operations - and methane is itself a particularly harmful greenhouse gas.

The LNG fuel will also have to be imported from Qatar and driven to Scotland from Kent in south east England using diesel road tankers once or twice a week.

The plan is eventually to have dedicated fast LNG refuelling facilities built at the ship's main harbour at Ardrossan, but plans to redevelop the port have stalled.

Glen Sannox will initially sail to Arran from Troon instead, and be refuelled directly from road tankers.

Its sister ship, Glen Rosa, is due for delivery next year - and four slightly smaller ferries using more conventional propulsion systems are being built in Turkey.

Were Scotland's new gas-powered ferries a bad choice?

CalMac ferry Glen Sannox delayed again over fuel testing problem

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SignalFire, CapitalG, and Comprehensive.io coming to TechCrunch Disrupt 2024

With Big Tech downsizing and the labor market tightening, founders must navigate a conservative job market to attract and retain top talent. Founders now hold increased leverage, but respect for staff and retention of key players remain vital. Join us at TechCrunch Disrupt 2024 at Moscone West in San Francisco from October 28-30, for a conversation with Heather Doshay, partner, People & Talent of SignalFire; Lauren Illovsky, talent partner of CapitalG; and Roger Lee, CEO of Comprehensive.io to explore innovative hiring strategies that align with changing market conditions.

WNBA playoffs: Caitlin Clark, Aces, Liberty highlight top postseason storylines

The WNBA playoffs begin Sunday in the best-of-three first-round, and there are a number of major factors on the line.